Television in Italy was introduced in 1939, when the first experimental broadcasts began. However, this lasted for a very short time: when fascist Italy entered World War II in 1940 all transmissions were interrupted, and were resumed in earnest only nine years after the end of the conflict, on January 3, 1954.
There are two main national television organisations responsible for most viewing: state-owned RAI, accounting for 37% of the total viewing figures in May 2014, and Mediaset, a commercial network which holds about 33%. The third largest player, the Italian branch of Discovery Communications, had a viewing share of 5.8%. Apart from these three free to air companies, News Corporation's satellite pay TV platform Sky Italia is increasing in viewing and shares.
According to the BBC, the Italian television industry is widely considered both inside and outside the country to be overtly politicized. Unlike the BBC which is controlled by an independent trust, the public broadcaster RAI is under direct control of the parliament. According to a December 2008 poll, only 24% of Italians trusted television news programmes, compared unfavourably to the British rate of 38%, making Italy one of only three examined countries where online sources are considered more reliable than television ones for information.
Video Television in Italy
Television providers
Digital terrestrial television
Digital terrestrial television technology is expanding rapidly and now every major network in Italy,--including RAI, Mediaset and Cairo Communication--transmits in DVB-T format, while continuing analog broadcast until the end of the transition, originally set by law to December 31, 2006 but later pushed back to the end of 2012.
The Berlusconi II Cabinet started promoting the digital format in December 2003 by granting a public financial contribution for the purchase of a MHP digital television decoder. Starting from January 2005 Mediaset and Telecom Italia Media started offering pay TV services through a prepaid smartcard, including football games, movies and TV shows. On February 2006, during the 2006 Winter Olympics held in Turin, RAI experimentally broadcast a number of sport events using a 1080i signal and H264 coding. The HD signal has been transmitted over the Turin area, using DVB-T hierarchical modulation, and only specially crafted decoders have been able to receive this signal: they were placed in strategical points in the town.
During the UEFA Euro 2008 and the 2008 Summer Olympics, RAI started experimental High Definition broadcasting on Rai Test HD, available only in Turin, Milan, Rome, Sardinia and Aosta Valley, continuing with the 2008 UCI Road World Championships and a few matches of the UEFA Champions League. In July 2008 the European Commission's directorate for competition expressed concerns on whether the actions taken by the current Italian government would be able to alter the current status of duopoly in the broadcasting market held by RAI and Mediaset. Beginning October 31, 2008, in the first region of Italy planned to interrupt analog transmission, Sardinia, television networks broadcast multiplexes only in digital format. Licence fee payers from the region were entitled to a 50 euros discount off the price of a digital television decoder or a new, digital-compatible TV set.
Satellite television
Italy has had digital satellite broadcasts since the 1990s, with the launch of Stream TV and TELE+. In 2003 these merged into Sky Italia, today this pay TV platform is broadcasting from Hot Bird satellites. HDTV regular services started in June 2006 under the name Sky HD, with the broadcasting of the 2006 FIFA World Cup in High Definition. Additional movie and sport channels are planned for the service. Tivù Sat, a Free Satellite Service similar to the UK version Freesat, was launched in June 2009, ensuring access to national television channels from digital terrestrial television networks. Shareholders include Mediaset, Telecom Italia Media and the State-owned company Rai.
Pay television
Current providers
- Europa 7 HD (Centro Europa 7 srl) (transmission: DTT)
- Infinity (Mediaset) (transmission: IPTV)
- Luci Rosse TV (porn, erotic contents) (transmission: DTT)
- Mediaset Premium (Mediaset), with more than 3 million households (transmission: DTT; IPTV)
- Netflix
- Now TV (Sky Italia) (transmission: IPTV)
- Sky Italia (BSKYB), with about 5 million households (transmission: DTH; IPTV)
- TIMvision (Telecom Italia), with almost 500,000 households (transmission: IPTV)
Defunct providers
- Dahlia TV (Airplus TV) (transmission: DTT)
- Fastweb TV (Fastweb) (transmission: IPTV)
- Infostrada TV (Infostrada) (transmission: IPTV)
- Tiscali TV (Tiscali) (transmission: IPTV)
Cable television
Italy currently has the lowest percentage (less than 1%) of transmissions from cable television of almost all of the world's developed countries.
In the 1960s the public television network RAI was a monopoly and the only network authorized to broadcast in Italy. Giuseppe Sacchi, a former RAI editor, launched on April 21, 1971 the first "free" television station, called Telebiella and based in Biella. It started to broadcast on April 6, 1972, devoted primarily to news and information. Immediately the government led by Giulio Andreotti forced Sacchi to dismantle Telebiella. Later a new law was issued to regulate and allow cable broadcasting, although with tight limitations: only one cable system for every city and only one TV channel for each system. Cable television remained undeveloped for many years, with the exception of a few amateur projects. In the 1990s, first Telecom Italia and then Fastweb created optical fiber networks and launched their IPTV offers (however associated with Sky Italia or Mediaset Premium subscriptions). IPTV was the only service to offer video on demand up until 2009.
Maps Television in Italy
List of nationwide television stations
Most important all national free-to-view channels
All channels broadcast 24 hours, are in 16:9 SDTV format and also FTA on digital satellite. The channels from 10 to 19 are made available for Italian regional television.
Rai
Rai is Italy's national public broadcasting company, owned by the Ministry of Economy and Finance. Rai's broadcasts are also received in neighboring countries, including Albania, Croatia, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro, San Marino, Slovenia, Vatican City, and southern Switzerland. It's one of the 23 founding broadcasting organizations of the European Broadcasting Union.
Mediaset
Mediaset is the largest commercial broadcaster in the country. The group competes primarily against the public broadcaster and market leader RAI. Due to their proximity to (or encirclement by) Italy, Albania, Croatia, Switzerland, Malta, San Marino, the Vatican City and Slovenia also receive Mediaset broadcasts. In addition to its domestic television interests, Mediaset also operates a series of news, entertainment and sport websites; holds 50.1% of the Spanish broadcasting firm Mediaset España Comunicación; owns the film production company Medusa Film; and heads a consortium which owns the television production house Endemol.
Cairo Communication
Sky Italia
Discovery Italia
Viacom Italia
Turner Broadcasting System
Television Broadcasting System
Sony Pictures Television
De Agostini
Al.Ma Media
Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso
RTL 102.5
Liberty Interactive
Home Shopping Europe
Other national channels
Network of local televisions
- 7 Gold: launched in 1999 as "Italia 7 Gold", changed name in 2003; airs movies, sport debates and old TV series
Foreign Channels
- France: France 24
- Vatican City: Vatican Media
Lower channels, teleshopping channel, lower network and local channels
- Canale 63 (63)
- ibox65 (65)
- Play.me (68)
- Capri Store (122), home shopping
- Canale Italia: launched in 1976 as "Serenissima TV", changed name in 2004; airs entertainment shows, music and dance programmes (with the channel Canale Italia Musica), home shopping shows and classical movies. Also available on digital satellite and digital terrestrial
- Odeon: launched in 1987 from some local television stations that were previously affiliated to "Euro TV". The group also includes the channels TLC Telecampione launched in 1982 and TeleReporter launched in 1977 as "Tele Radio Reporter", "Telereporter-Canale 7" between 2002-2004
- Telepace: launched in 1977 as a radio and, two years later, as a syndication, it is a religious channel and airs direct-to-videos holy masses, holy celebrations and Christian holidays, it is visible only in some regions and it broadcast from near Verona
- Televisione Cristiana in Italia: launched in 1979, it is a religious channel too and it was named previously TBNE (Trinity Broadcasting Network Europe), this channel is visible only in some regions too
Digital Satellite only (Free to air)
Foreign channels
- China: CGTN
- France: Euronews, France 24, France 24 English, TV5Monde
- Germany: Deutsche Welle
- Iran: Press TV
- Japan: NHK
- Qatar: Al Jazeera, Al Jazeera English
- Russia: RT
- San Marino: San Marino RTV
- Slovenia: TV Koper-Capodistria
- Spain: 24 Horas, TVE Internacional
- United Kingdom: BBC World News
- United States: Bloomberg Television, CNN International
Former channels
- Telemontecarlo (1974-2001, broadcasting from Principality of Monaco up to 1999)
- Rete A (1983-2005)
- Videomusic/TMC2 (1984-2000)
- Rete Mia (1988-2000)
- Italia 7 (1987-1999)
Most Viewed Channels
The Auditel measures television ratings in Italy. The two most watched channels are still Rai 1 and Canale 5 which together share 33% of the audience. Following these in terms of ratings are Rai 3 and Rai 2 with 14% of total share and finally a third group of stations made up of Italia 1 and Rete 4 which together reach 12% of TV ratings. Apart from the seventh ex analogue television La7 with a market share of 4%. All the six RAI and Mediaset generalist channels had a slightly lower daily audience in 2013 compared with previous years, while News Corporation's pay TV platform called Sky Italia (with its channels like Fox, Fox Crime, Sky Cinema and Sky Sport), nationwide channel La7 owned by Cairo Communication and several new free-to-air digital stations (like Giallo, Rai 4, Iris, La5, Real Time, K2, Rai Premium, Top Crime, Cielo, DMAX) are increasing in ratings day by day.
See also
- List of television channels in Italy
- List of Italian-language television channels
- Television licensing in Italy
- Media of Italy
- List of newspapers in Italy
- List of magazines in Italy
- List of radio stations in Italy
- History of Italian journalism
- Censorship in Italy
- Telecommunications in Italy
- Internet in Italy
References
Bibliography
- Grasso, Aldo (2008). Enciclopedia della televisione (in Italian) (3 ed.). Milano: Garzanti. p. 965. ISBN 978-88-11-50526-6.
External links
- MAVISE - TV market in Italy
- DVB-T in Italy
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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