E/I

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E/I , meaning "education and information" (or "educational and informative"), refers to the type of broadcasting of children's television programs in the United States that incorporate educational content in some form. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) requires every full-service broadcast television station in the US at least three hours of these programs each week to maintain their station licenses. The E/I program requirements are enacted as part of the Children's Television Act of 1990.

Additionally, the station must identify the event on screen with an "E/I" bug placed in the corner of the screen, usually in either plain text or icon form. Originally, this was shown only during the program's first minute, or, as a separate announcement before the program, but since 2004, all E/I shows must display the icon for the entire duration of the event. Sometimes bugs do not show up during commercial breaks (however, some commercial broadcasting networks continue to also identify programs according to E/I through announcements that are seen immediately before the event starts).

This requirement applies only to licensed commercial and non-commercial broadcast television stations as full or Class A power outlets. Cable television, Internet television and Class A low-power channels are not excluded from FCC rules for television programs, although some placing a bug or "E/I" descriptor on a program containing educational content, especially to differentiate the appropriate E/I-event from an inappropriate program in the electronic program guide and other program listing services. Higher education institutions offer distance education, curated educational television forms, unique to public and educational access cable channels and are also conducted by several public television stations.

Video E/I

Penentuan kriteria "E/I"

The shows eligible as "E/I" are determined by the Federal Communications Commission, which enforces the rules. The agency took a more direct role in enforcing the rules in 1996, after the previous approach proved ineffective, as the station claimed that programs such as The Jetsons The Flintstones , GI Joe , Leave It to Beaver , and daytime talk shows have educational elements.

At regular intervals, each full service station sends a list of currently displayed programs or plans to display in the near future which he says will inform, entertain, viewers under the age of 18, and sometimes must announce on-air that these public files are available to the public at a station studio facility or on the station's website.

Advertising policies

All children's programs on television are subject to limitations on the number of ads that can be aired during the broadcast. The station can air no more than 12 minutes of advertisement every hour on weekdays and 10 ½ minutes per hour on weekends.

In addition, the FCC also has a very strict policy that advertising for tie-in products for programs that are served is not allowed in any form, or else the entire program will be classified as violating the length of the ad length program according to the agency definition, even if one seconds of characters or event references visible in the ad. Individual stations have a responsibility to adhere to standards and regulations, and report incidents that occur in their quarterly children's program reports, even if the program is transmitted by the television network.

This has been demonstrated through several incidents in which the episode of Pokén mon mon that was shown on the former WB Kids block (originally from The WB, before moving to The CW) featured references to products such as Eggo waffles, Fruit by the Foot, and Nintendo e-Reader accessories for the Game Boy Advance handheld system mention their products that have tie-ins to the Pokémon mon mon on-air franchise. The FCC has fined The WB individual affiliates for guideline offenses and upholds fines on appeal, even though it is a network that transmit content.

Meanwhile, promotions for related websites are only allowed under certain circumstances and must specify that the linked site is intended as an advertisement, and must comply with the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), regarding the acquisition of personal information for advertisers online for children under 13 years old.

Targeted programming for people aged 13 to 16 years is not subject to ad restrictions and can still be counted as E/I.

Rule changes

In 2005, E/I rules were changed again to extend the guidelines to digital broadcast television services. Under the new rules, all full service stations that operate digital signals must carry a minimum of three hours of E/I weekly programming on all their digital channels, regardless of the type of content they carry (such as news, weather, or entertainment-specific programming).

In 2007, the involvement of digital sub-channels in the E/I rule changed again, depending on the number of free services offered by stations now must carry more than three hours of E/I programming, but how much longer is determined by how many hours "programming free "stations offered on their digital signals. For each 28-hour free programming period offered on sub-channels, stations must add an extra half-hour of the E/I program, apart from the three hours required on the main signal.

Finding compliance

When the FCC announces new requirements, local stations try to repackage existing children's events as education and information; for example, distributed Hearst Broadcasting Cappelli & amp; The company , the children's program coming from the Pittsburgh WTAE-TV station throughout the group station, while Sinclair Broadcast Group broadcasts (Girl) Scouting Today from WPGH-TV (also based in Pittsburgh ) at many stations across the country to meet E/I requirements. The FCC, however, rejected many of these requests.

On the other hand, real educational show producers suddenly find new markets for their production, and reruns of shows like New Zoo Revue and Big Blue Marble start appearing in small - Large-scale independent stations, which usually show religious, infomercial and in-house shopping events. However, enforcement remains somewhat fickle: KDOC-TV, an independent station in Irvine, California and Fox WLUK-TV affiliate in Green Bay, Wisconsin has been allowed to count reruns of the 1970's drama series Little House on the Prairie as E/I shows, because of the history of border depiction of life in the 19th century and its relationship with the popular elementary school textbook by Laura Ingalls Wilder, although the show was not originally intended for that purpose (WLUK stopped showing Small House in September 2013 due to the shift of its working day schedule). Showing the talents of Pax TV (America's Most Talented Kids) and animal rescue documentary ( Miracle Pets) are also calculated against the "E/I" requirements, with the network giving them a "rating" unofficial and non-binding "TV E/I". Recently, in the late 2000s, the Canadian-oriented drama series Degrassi: The Next Generation and Edgemont were sold to the US syndication (with stations often ignoring certain episodes) to be used to calculate E/I quotas, due to their portrayal of teenage social issues such as bullying and sexual identity.

PBS, due to its structure as an educational programming service, has long adhered to guidelines from the implementation of the Children's Television Act; most programs are broadcast by service or syndicated to public television stations (such as Sesame Street , Arthur , Barney & Friends , Curious George , Daniel Tiger and Wild Kratts environments) are different from E/I corresponding content distributed in recent years by commercial broadcasters and syndicators, as they are customized for meet the needs of children by balancing educational and entertainment content. Like PBS Kids PBS blocks, Ion Television's Qubo (standalone multisast digital channels and program blocks), and Trinity Broadcasting Network's digital multicast network also offer educational programs throughout their schedules; the last two networks as well as the PBS children block show E/I bugs in most of their programs, including program promotion and (in the case of PBS) appeals appeals. Due to the large number of E/I programming seen on PBS stations, which also exceeds the guidelines in many cases, public sub-channel television networks such as Create and World do not carry their own E/I program blocks in their main network feed (this is a case similar to Qubo and other Ion Life sub-channel service network Ion Life and Ion Shop, as well as QVC and Home Shopping Network, which rent subchannel spaces at Ion stations and are not bound by the E/I guidelines to get started because they are the originating channels of cable). Many PBS member stations also carry independently programmed digital multicast services that feature children programs broadcast by the service or syndicated to individual public television stations.

Many Discovery Kids channel programs also include E/I bugs, as well as their successors, the Hub Network and Family Inventions, using E/I bugs, including in the program guide metadata - even though they are strictly available on cable and satellite. - it is possible to have a prominent program in the choice of children's genre in the search application list of electronic program guides as having E/I content; However, some programs (such as My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, Littlest Pet Shop and Pound Puppies) have stopped using E/I tagging in the next season to accommodate references and plots that appeal to children and (in the case of My Little Pony, a remarkably large) adult audience. Cable networks are exempt from federal regulations related to E/I programming, and contributions by this network that are educational in content have been limited in recent years to the decline of the Cable in the Classroom initiative or their decision to sell archival programs through online education portals.

In the case of the Big Three television network (ABC, CBS and NBC) and their affiliates, these broadcasters eventually replaced their traditional Saturday morning cartoon lines with an E/I-compliant program, usually by forming partnerships with other companies. For example, Discovery Kids initially presents a Saturday morning bloc, E/I-friendly on NBC from September 2002 to September 2006. In 2006, a consortium that included NBC Universal parent company, Ion Television's Ion Media Networks and three other companies (Skolastic Press, Classic Media and Nelvana) formed a multi-platform Qubo that included separate children's program blocks on NBC and Telemundo, and a separate digital sub-channel network normally found on the second digital channel of most Ion stations; NBC and Telemundo stopped their Qubo blocks with the time blocks provided by PBS Kids Sprout called NBC Kids (along with the accompanying Spanish block on Telemundo called MiTelemundo) in July 2012; in February 2016, NBC decided to get E/I programming from Litton, which would produce a block called The More You Know (after the NBC's old public service announcement series) starting October 2016. In September 2011, ABC replaced ABC Kids (which at the time only featured the old episode of the original Disney Channel original series) with the production of Disney Weekend Adventure, which was broadcast under a unique syndication agreement with ABC. CBS replaced Nickelodeon-produced block Nick Jr on CBS/Nick on CBS in 2006 with one from DiC Entertainment, originally known as the "Secret Slumber Party KOL" and later as Cookie Jar TV ; the block was replaced by the one produced by Litton, the CBS Dream Team , in September 2013.

Both 21st Century Fox, Fox and MyNetworkTV networks leave virtually all E/I loads to the affiliate itself, requiring stations affiliated with those networks to purchase E/I complaint programs (such as Atlas of Animals >, Eco Company and Wild About Animals) from open syndicated markets from production companies like Steve Rotfeld Productions (which also produces a two-hour block called Xploration Station One Magnificent Morning (even through the launch of the block, The CW Plus, a feed for a smaller market programmed by The CW, continues to bring a range of separate syndicated E/I-compliant programs from One Magnificent Morning , effectively generating CW Plus broadcast affiliations that exceed the minimum three hours requirement). One Magnificent Morning is largely based on reruns of the National Geographic Channel program. The Spanish-language Univision network provides an all-E/I schedule within the Planeta U block, featuring licensed programs from Nick Jr. and Disney Junior with the Spanish Anime dubbing program and songs aimed at Nickelodeon, Disney Channel and the Latin American 4Kids TV network.

Exceptions to the rule are rarely permitted by the FCC outside situations where one of its stations must provide long news or bad weather, forcing the station to cover it rather than meeting the guidelines. NBC adjusts its Olympic Games and Ryder Cup coverage so that Qubo network blocks can air in some form for a week for their stations to receive their E/I credits; ABC, meanwhile, chose to broadcast the ABC Kids lineup on Saturday afternoon during its coverage of the British Open/Open Championship - which aired the network in the morning - in early July to 2009 (before ESPN took over the golf tournament coverage) in 2010) or, in the Pacific Time Zone, on Sunday mornings due to early college soccer coverage on Saturday morning (because it was structured as a syndication block, the ABC station now chooses to reschedule the Adventure Weekend Litton block on any weekend time slot where a sports program is not scheduled). Likewise, the NBC Kids arrangement begins to be split between Saturday and Sunday starting August 2013 in a market located in the eastern part of the United States due to NBC coverage of the final English League match (which airs in the afternoon in the United States), although some choose to precede half the last hour of Saturday edition Today to broadcast the NBC Kids program meet from their normal time slot due to sports coverage to meet the guidelines; some NBC affiliates have chosen to split the children's network block between Saturday and Sunday long before due to pre-rebellion imposed by the sport, originating from the existence of the TNBC block before 2002. According to the FCC notes, TBN has received an exception because they are stationed in the future then because of their Praise-a-Thon telethon show.

Digital sub-channels

Digital sub-channel networks may also provide E/I programming required for their stations; however, the requirements for digital sub-channels are currently structured in a way that sub-channel services should carry E/I-compliant content even if the children's program is completely incompatible with the programming format, especially if the program operates as a news/information or maintain a niche (non-public) entertainment format that focuses on certain types of programming (such as widescreen movies) or specific target audiences.

Networks such as the Retro Television Network, Live Well Network, TV Antenna, MeTV and TV, for example, provide E/I programs through distribution agreements with one or more producers of educational programs intended for syndication to individual television stations (in the latter two cases, programming was originally produced for Chicago's main station (such as Green Screen Adventures) from Weigel Broadcasting network owners.This effectively is almost a requirement for subchannel trains by most stations, who prefer to have E/I programming in network schedules rather than having to buy and programming air suits on their own.However, in the case of test subchannels that carry only SMPTE color bars or a still screen displaying station identification text, the E/I requirements do not apply in this situation.

The now-defunct NBC Weather Plus airs Weather Plus University, an educational program on weather and meteorology, while continuing to show current weather conditions within its trademark "L-bar" on the left and bottom of the screen. Independent local weather sub-channels, such as the Stormcenter 2 24/7 channel at WBAY-DT2 in Green Bay, Wisconsin balance the new regulatory requirements by broadcasting educational programs while broadcasting station newscasts regularly scheduled on the main Channel WBAY to alert viewers about the weather and meet my needs for their licenses (in this case, at 5:00 pm and Saturday morning at 8:00 am); in September 2012; the three hours were transferred to the live WBAY DT3 channel affiliated with Live Well Network, which carries six hours of E/I content per week to allow the second sub-channel to bring 24-hour weather coverage (the channel has since been affiliated with Ion Television and Programming E/I moved back to WBAY-DT2, done Monday-Saturday at 6:00 during news broadcast). But some other stations are entirely appealing to digital sub-channels because regulations, such as WPRI/WNAC in Providence, Rhode Island turn their digital weather channels into special cable services to get around the rules.

Currently, Local AccuWeather Channel affiliates must provide their own E/I program so they do not allow them to bring data feeds for the channel in most cases during that time period to deliver educational content as appropriate. WeatherNation TV, by contrast, provides a syndicated E/I block program for three hours during the morning hours and early afternoons on Sundays; in this case, WeatherNation limits its approximate wheel timetable (recorded earlier in the four-hour interval, preventing problems by balancing E/I content during adverse weather events, as it does not provide real-time coverage) by broadcasting five-segments of the national weather segment before each commencement E/I program.

The Tube Music Network, which brings the Wildlife Jams program to meet E/I guidelines, suspended operations on October 1, 2007. Factors in network destruction may have been a decision by Sinclair Broadcast Group. to reduce their E/I responsibilities; stations in the group in the past have been cited in media studies as bringing the absolute minimum of the E/I program possible. Sinclair began carrying a network at his station when The Tube was launched in March 2006, and then withdrew the network from all stations at the end of the year due to new FCC requirements for digital sub-channels not only for E/I content but also for Emergency Alert System , along with a digital transition that makes coordinating E/I programming difficult at the time. Sinclair re-aired its non-netlet subchannels in September 2010 with the launch of the train from both TheCoolTV (which were abruptly dropped by the group in August 2012) and ZUUS Country (which trains at Sinclair station begin deleting in 2014, supporting either GetTV or Grit) which provides E/I programming Saturday morning required in their schedules; most station groups now maintain centralized centralized control centers, allowing the creation of a set of E/I programs easier across a wide geographical area.

Rev'n, automotive-themed channel, is unusual among digital multicast networks because it carries its own E/I program in accordance with network format, Reality Rides (automotive recovery series) and Curator's < Vault (a museum tour).

Maps E/I

Scheduling

All courses calculated in the educational program requirements must be aired between 07:00 and 10:00. local time (this has unintended consequences of cartoon making and the series of live action of children broadcasted during 6:00 to 7:00 am on weekdays before the children go to school no longer feasible to reach the general public as 7:00 in many places, children have already boarded a school bus.The law allows networks and stations to broadcast E/I programming in 7:00 am to 3:00 pm.time slots on weekdays despite the fact that most children aged five years and older are in school during that period.Take advantage of this gap, some commercial stations that are only interested in dangerous compliance with regulations show E/I programming only during this time (often go further and mem- bers the E/I they show with infomercials before and afterwards so these programs will almost certainly be ignored).

The Big Three Network (ABC, CBS and NBC) sets aside what is traditionally the last half of the Saturday morning cartoon bloc for E/I content, with the first half devoted to morning events, both nationally and locally (the latter hanging at the station). Tighter partial requirements have led to a shift in the kind of children programs seen on broadcast and syndicated television; although the FCC does not place requirements on whether the program is animated or direct action or whether it should have entertainment value, an increase in the number of E/I programs seen in syndication and on network television is a direct action, a program without a script (compared to the animation-dominant format of programming of children that existed until the late 1990s), whose educational content values ​​often come in the form of wildlife, health, job studies or travel-related content. The Big Three and The CW all outsource their E/I obligations to Litton Entertainment; Fox also has E/I content for owned and operated stations and some affiliates from Steve Rotfeld Productions. Many types of traditional childhood programs, which still have to comply with educational programming guides in some forms, have switched to non-commercial broadcasters (such as PBS, TBN and Daystar) and networks that broadcast programming in languages ​​other than English (such as Univision, Telemundo and Azteca America ).

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References

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External links

• FCC: Consumer Facts about Children TV
• FCC Public File database (for E/I report enter station name, click the television icon in public file entry)
• American Public Television: Distribution Service (including E/I info)

Source of the article : Wikipedia