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Jackson Ward - Wikipedia
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Jackson Ward is an African-American district in Richmond, Virginia with a long African-American business tradition. Located less than a mile from the Virginia State Capitol, sitting west of Court End and north of Broad Street. It was listed as the National Historic Landmark District in 1978. "Jackson Ward" was originally the name of the regional political area within the city, or ward, 1871-1905, but remained in use long after losing its original meaning.


Video Jackson Ward



Histori

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After the American Civil War, blacks were previously free to join the freed slaves and their descendants and create a thriving African-American business community, later known as "Black Wall Street of America." Leaders include influential people such as John Mitchell, Jr., editor of Richmond Planet, an African American newspaper, and Maggie L. Walker. Ms. Walker was the first woman to charter and serve as president of an American bank, all the more remarkable achievements because she is African-American and has impaired mobility. The National Historic Site of Maggie L. Walker in Jackson Ward's former home is operated by the National Park Service. The house was designated as a National Historic Site in 1978 and opened as a museum in 1985.

As a black trade and entertainment center, Jackson Ward is also called "Harlem of the South". Places along "The Deuce" (2nd Street) like the Hippodrome Theater are frequented by the likes of Duke Ellington, Ella Fitzgerald, Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, Lena Horne, Cab Calloway, Billie Holiday, Nat King Cole, James Brown and other Circuit circuit Chitlin. Today, the statue of Robinson dance on the steps is at the center of the neighborhood at the intersection of Chamberlayne Parkway and West Leigh Street.

Other notable residents include Bishop F. M. Whittle, Addolph Dill and Max Robinson and brother Randall Robinson.

Desegregate and reject

Jackson Ward is the center of the Civil Rights Movement in Richmond. In 1940, the Virginia General Assembly created the Richmond Housing Authority, which could condemn the property as well as issue bonds to build housing. In 1941, 1956 and 1961, the city (which originally had no African-American citizens in the city council) hired Harland Bartholomew & amp; Partners to plan for rebuilding. The redevelopment plan targets Jackson Ward, and has the effect of destroying the social fabric of historic societies, and grouping low-income people in nearby Jackson Ward and Hill Church, and destroying much of the existing stock of housing to build highways, broad urban highways, an office building, the Richmond Coliseum, the Greater Richmond Convention Center, and a small number of housing units controlled by the Richmond Housing Authority.

The Richmond Housing Authority, originally controlled by the city's white business elite, first targeted a sub-neighborhood known as Apostle Town, adjacent to Maggie Walker's Penny Savings Bank. It built 297 public housing units known as Gilpin Court to replace 200 homes. However, only 25 of the 576 applicants for the new space (all separated by race until 1964) had families who had lived in the Apostle City. During the 1950s, Richmond destroyed 4700 housing units in a black neighborhood and replaced them with 1736 public housing units, mostly concentrated in Richmond's East End and all within three miles of the Richmond center. While some displaced people receive small grants, as well as priority in applying for housing in new projects, many find public housing degrading or simply unattractive. Both black and white realtors practiced blockbusting. As urban renewal took place, many historic black churches followed their trial and moved from Jackson Ward to north Richmond. These include the First African Baptist Church and St. Episcopal Church. Philip. Both moved to a church previously used by a white congregation who had attended their trial to the Lakeside suburbs. Between 1950 and 1960, the Richmond population was reduced by 10,000, while the Henrico region (which had 57,340 people in 1950) grew to 117,339 residents at the 1960 census. Meanwhile, the Richmond housing authority built Creighton Court (1952), Fairfield Court (1958) and Whitcomb Court (1958), all in Richmond's East End.

In 1946, R. Stuart Royer and Associates, a consulting firm, proposed a shortcut that Richmond voters were twice denied in a public referendum. However, the Virginia General Assembly (without black members at the time) then established the Richmond-Petersburg Turnpike Authority in 1954, which four months later announced the highway would be built through Jackson Ward. Initial reports of consultants have insisted that destroying existing housing "does not offer any serious obstacles to the highway location." The highway destroyed 1,000 homes, cut the valley block through what became the historic center of the neighborhood, blocked 31 streets and eliminated pedestrian paths between newly created parts. However, the neighborhood united to save the Sixth Hillfind Bukit, founded in 1867 by Reverend John Jasper and initially occupied a building purchased from a white Presbyterian but which had been renovated in 1887 and detained 1,400 worshipers. The church secretary, Cerelia Johnson, worked as an elevator operator at Richmond City Hall, and delivered a discussion he heard in the corridors of power to the pastor. A.W. Chocolate. The highway (now part of I-95) is routed slightly, and the church is the only remaining building on the north side of Duval Street. The highway opened in 1958, but the Sixth Session of Mount Sion lost 1000 members.

Jackson Ward accommodated many people involved in the battle of desegregation that culminated in the crisis of the Great Struggle of 1955-1965. Oliver Hill's lawyers, Martin A. Martin and Spottswood William Robinson III, represent many Virginians in cases brought with the help of the NAACP. His predecessor company helped to achieve salary equality for black teachers before World War II, and after the war helped to delegate the Richmond schools. Represented the plaintiff at Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County, one of the cases that was part of a US Supreme Court ruling at Brown v. Board of Education , which states segregation in public schools as unconstitutional. After Martin's death, the bureau continued with Hill, and then lawyers Samuel Wilbert Tucker and Henry L. Marsh

Ironically, after the desegregation, as the black Virginians became more widely integrated into Richmond's other business and residential areas, Jackson's role as a center of black trade and entertainment declined. Like most older urban environments of the same era, Jackson Ward's housing stocks deteriorated as absent landlords took over from a single family family. However, Richmond also developed what became the highest concentration of public housing sixth among cities over 200,000 people. For example, the Richmond Housing Authority built Mosby Court East and Mosby Court West in 1962 (all within a mile of Creighton Court, Fairfield Court and Whitcomb Court), the 30-acre site was made possible through the city's new school admission permit, Mosby School, 1,500 junior high school students and 1,000 elementary school students.

In 1966, the General Assembly created the Richmond Metropolitan Authority, with the power of a leading domain, to build a highway from the suburbs of Chesterfield County (mainly white) to the city center through the black West End and the adjacent low-income white neighborhood. It displaced 1000 people and obliterated the historic sub-region of the Penitentiary Bottom.

In the 1970s, Richmond city council had become a black majority, so another proposed superhighway project designed as a downtown bypass (and which would effectively attach five public housing projects in the box) was not supported. Also, the city council secured the identification of Maggie Walker House as a national landmark, and preservation of the Leigh Road corridor. Nevertheless, the latest government-sponsored environmental revitalization project (started in 1970 and with many bulldozers completed in 1973) effectively destroyed 2800 people of a multigenerational environment known as Fulton Bottom, before the new federal requirements to pay those who transferred led to the project it stalled. until 2011. Bottom Fulton's revitalization plan has ordered most of the 370 hectares for industrial sites, and industrial boulevard and flood control.

Revival

Towards the end of the 20th century, Richmond worked to revitalize Jackson Ward, including a pre-existing housing stock. The National Park Service was assisted by the restoration of Maggie L. Walker's home, as well as a list of neighborhoods in the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 and as a historic district in 1978. In the 1980s, the historic tax credit by the federal government helped the restoration of dozens of homes in Leigh, Marshall, and Clay Streets.

City officials hope that the construction of the Greater Richmond Convention Center and Visitor Bureau at the eastern end of Jackson Ward will bring new vitality to the environment. However, the construction of the convention center destroyed a number of historic homes (including those used by Hill, Tucker and Marsh law firms), and separated Jackson Ward from many downtowns. Blank and underdone houses in the neighborhood have been targeted at Richmond's Neighborhood in the Bloom program. In some areas, the progress of renovation is very slow, especially with First Virginia Volunteers Battalion Armory, best known as Leigh Street Armory. In the mid-1980s, the Richmond School Board rented an armory building to the Black History Museum and the Virginia Cultural Center, and the museum is expected to open in an arsenal in 2015.

Many Richmond people have bought a home in Jackson Ward to renovate and recover to live in historic areas and revive the character of environmental culture. Every first Friday of the month, the First Fridays Artwalk is held at night on Broad Street. The Art Gallery opens their doors for outdoor parties that include live music, including Jazz and Salsa. Local restaurants, bars and coffee shops serve customers arriving at First Fridays Art Walk.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the reputation of the environment has rapidly changed from a high crime environment, becoming a popular historic district that rivals Fan, and Church Hill. However, environmental revival has led to controversy over gentrification, especially since in 2000 it still has a majority of African Americans, in 2010 nearly twice as many white people as black live in the neighborhood. Furthermore, ongoing changes in the environment focus on building new, multi-use constructions, such as the restoration of historic buildings.

Maps Jackson Ward



Famous architecture and buildings

The earliest houses in Jackson Ward are a series of small cottages built in Federal style. In the late 1830s to the Civil War, the Greek Awakening style was very prominent, representing much of Richmond's pre-war architectural heritage. And then it started in the 1850s Italian style. The main part of the attraction and the visual charm of the district comes from the contrast between two ornamental and hard characteristics of the two styles.

From the beginning, this neighborhood has a mixture of German, Jewish, British, and African American residents. In fact, the German Catholic Church of St. Mary was built on Marshal St. to serve the growing community of German Catholic immigrants who had moved to the greater Richmond community from about 1850 to the 1880s.

The settlement center is dominated by former Armstrong High School, now the Center for Career Adult Development at Richmond Public School. Armstrong sports field is now Abner Clay Park, which has a stage, soccer field, basketball court and tennis facilities.

Prominent historic churches in Jackson Ward include the African Methodist Episcopal Church of the Third Betawi Street, Anime Episcopal Church of Africa Hood, Ebenezer Baptist Church, and Church of the Sixth Mountain Lifesaver. The Sixth Mountain of Zion is known as the home of African-American evangelist John Jasper, famous for his "Sun Do Move" sermon that brought him fame.

The Leigh Street Armory is now being revitalized and will be the future home of the Black History Museum and the Virginia Cultural Center, previously located at 00 Clay Street in Jackson Ward.

GWARbar coming to Jackson Ward
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See also

  • Areas in Richmond, Virginia
  • List of National Historic Landmarks in Virginia
  • List of Historic Historic Places of Interest in Richmond, Virginia

JACKSON WARD â€
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References


Jackson Ward: Displacement and Buried History â€
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External links

  • The Historic Jackson Ward Association
  • Architectural Survey of the Historic Richmond Foundation
  • Jackson Ward - Richmond (VA)
  • Adult Career Development Center
  • The Black History Museum
  • Black History Site in Richmond
  • First Fridays Artwalk
  • Jackson Ward's neighbor on Yahoo! Group
  • Jackson Ward on Myspace.com
  • Greater Jackson Ward News
  • The Jackson Ward Historic District Collection from the VCU Library collection
  • Richmond Commission of Architectural Review Slide Collection from the VCU Library collection
  • Richmond Architecture Survey Collection from the VCU Library collection
  • Jackson Ward Historic District, Bordered by Marshall, Fifth, & amp; Gilmer Streets, Richmond, Independent City, VA: 2 photos, 2 color transparencies, and 2 pages of photo captions at the Historic American Buildings Survey

Source of the article : Wikipedia

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