A Ferris wheel (sometimes called big wheel , observation wheel , or, in the case of the highest example, giant wheel ) is an amusement vehicle consisting of spinning upright wheels with several components carrying passengers (usually referred to as passenger cars, cabins, tubs, capsules, gondolas, or pods) attached to the rim in such a way that the wheels rotate, they stay upright , usually by gravity.
Some of the largest modern Ferris wheels have a car mounted on the outside of the rim, with an electric motor to independently rotate each car to keep it upright. These wheels are sometimes referred to as observation wheels and their cars are called capsules, but these alternative names are also used for wheels with conventional gravity-oriented cars.
Original Ferris Wheel was designed and built by George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. as a landmark for the Columbus World Exposition of 1893 in Chicago. The generic term Ferris wheel is now used for all such structures, which has become the most common type of entertainment at the fair in the United States.
The current highest wheel is the 167.6 meter High Roller (550Ã, ft) in Las Vegas, USA, which opened to the public in March 2014.
Video Ferris wheel
Initial history
The "Wheel of Pleasure", whose passengers rise in a chair hanging from a large wooden ring powered by powerful men, probably came from a 17th century Bulgarian.
Peter Mundy's journey in Europe and Asia, 1608-1667, describes and illustrates "the various Swingings used in their Publique sustenance on their Birthday" on May 17, 1620 at the Philippopolis in the Balkans of the Ottomans. Among the meaning of "harmful and troublesome lesse" is one of:
... as Craine wheele reaches the Customhowse Key and transforms the Manner, where the Children sit on a small chair waggling around its parts, And though it really overturns, and that Kids are something at the top from the wheel, and something at the bottom, yett them alwaies sitt upright.
Five years earlier, in 1615, Pietro Della Valle, a Roman traveler who sent letters from Constantinople, Persia, and India, attended the Ramadan festival in Constantinople. He explained about the fireworks, buoys, and big swings, then commented on riding the Big Wheel:
I'm glad to find myself sliding up and down at that speed. But the wheel spun so fast that the Greek sitting next to me could stand it no longer, and shouted "Soni! Soni!" (enough!)
Similar wheels also appeared in England in the 17th century, and then elsewhere throughout the world, including India, Romania, and Siberia.
A Frenchman, Antonio Manguino, introduced the idea to America in 1848, when he built a wooden pleasure wheel to attract visitors to a start-up exhibition in Walton Spring, Georgia.
Wheel Somers'
In 1892, William Somers installed three fifty-foot wooden wheels in Asbury Park, New Jersey; Atlantic City, New Jersey; and Coney Island, New York. The following year he was awarded the first US patent for "Roundabout". George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. rode a Somers wheel in Atlantic City before designing his wheels for the World of Columbia Exposition. In 1893 Somers filed a lawsuit against Ferris for patent infringement, but Ferris and his lawyers successfully declared that the Ferris Wheel and its technology were very different from the Somers wheel, and the case was dismissed.
Original Ferris Wheel
The original Ferris Wheel, sometimes also referred to as the Chicago Wheel, was designed and built by George Washington Gale Ferris Jr..
With an altitude of 80.4 meters (264 feet) it is the highest attraction at the Columbus World Expo in Chicago, Illinois, where it opened to the public on June 21, 1893. It was intended to rival 324 meters (1,063 feet) of the Eiffel Tower, the centerpiece of the Exhibition Paris 1889.
Ferris is a graduate of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and a bridge maker of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He started his career in the railway industry and then pursued an interest in the construction of the bridge. Ferris understands the growing need for structural steel and established G.W.G. Ferris & amp; Co. in Pittsburgh, a company that tests and inspects metals for rail and bridge builders.
The wheel is rotated at 71 tons, a 45.5-foot shaft comprising what was then the largest hollow forging in the world, produced in Pittsburgh by Bethlehem Iron Company and weighing 89.320 pounds, along with two 16-foot-diameters (4.9 m) an iron spider weighing 53,031 pounds.
There are 36 cars, each equipped with 40 spinning seats and can accommodate up to 60 people, giving a total capacity of 2,160. The wheel carries about 38,000 passengers daily and takes 20 minutes to complete two rounds, the first involves six stops to allow passengers out and in and the second is a nine-minute non-stop rotation, where ticket holders pay 50 cents.
The exposition ended in October 1893, and the wheel closed in April 1894 and was dismantled and stored until the following year. It was then rebuilt on Chicago's North Side, near Lincoln Park, in addition to an exclusive neighborhood. This prompted William D. Boyce, then the locals, to file a Circuit Court action against the owner of the wheel to be removed, but to no avail. It operated there from October 1895 to 1903, when it was again dismantled, then transported by train to St. Louis for the 1904 World Exposition and finally destroyed by a demolition that was controlled using dynamite on May 11, 1906.
Ferris Wheel Antik
Wiener Riesenrad (German for "Giant Wheel of Vienna") is a living example of a nineteenth-century Ferris wheel. Founded in 1897 in the Wurstelprater section of the Prater public park in the Leopoldstadt district of Vienna, Austria, to celebrate Emperor Jubilee Emperor Franz Josef I, he has a height of 64.75 meters (212 feet) and originally had 30 passenger cars. The demolition permit for Riesenrad was issued in 1916, but due to a lack of funds to carry out the destruction, it persisted.
Following the demolition of the 100-meter (328-foot) Grande de Roue de Paris in 1920, the Riesenrad became the world's tallest mower. In 1944 it was burned, but rebuilt the following year with 15 passenger cars, and remained the tallest wheel in the world until the 97th year, when Technocosmos as high as 85 meters (279 ft) was built for Expo '85, in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Still operating today, this is one of the most popular sights in Vienna, and over the years has been featured in many films (including Madame Solange d`Atalide (1914), Letters from Women (1948), The Third Man (1949), The Living Daylights (1987), Before Sunrise (1995 )) and novels. Maps Ferris wheel
The world's highest Ferris Wheel
The highest wheel chronology ever in the world
- 1893 : The original Ferris Wheel is 80.4 meters (264Ã, ft) high. Built for World Exhibition in Columbus, Chicago, Illinois, moved to St. Petersburg. Louis, Missouri, in 1904 for the Louisiana Purchase Exhibition, and was destroyed there in 1906.
- 1895 : The Grand Wheel was built for the Indian Empire Exhibition at Earls Court, London, England, and a height of 94 meters (308 feet). Construction began in March 1894 and opened to the public on July 17, 1895. It remained in service until 1906 and was destroyed in 1907, after transporting 2.5 million passengers.
- 1900 : Grande Roue de Paris is built for Exposition Universelle, a world exhibition held in Paris, France. It was destroyed in 1920, but the height of 100 meters (328 feet) did not extend to nearly 90 years after its construction.
- 1920 : Wiener Riesenrad was built to celebrate Emperor Jubilee Emperor Franz Josef I, at the entrance of the Wurstelprater amusement park in the Austrian capital of Vienna. Built in 1897, when the Grande Roue de Paris was destroyed in 1920, Riesenrad became the world's tallest giant wheel with 64.75 meters (212Ã, ft), and it remained so for the next 65 years until 1985, 97th year.
- 1989 : Cosmo Jam 21 was built for YES '89 Yokohama Exposure at Minato Mirai 21, Yokohama, Japan. Originally built with a height of 107.5 meters (353 feet), it was disassembled in 1997 and then in 1999 moved to a higher base that increased its overall height to 112.5 meters (369 feet).
- 1992 : Igosu 108 in Biwako Tower, Shiga, Japan, opened on April 26 at a height of 108 meters (354 feet), hence its name. Since then it has been moved to Vietnam, where it was opened as the Sun Wheel on a new base, now totaling 115 meters (377 ft).
- 1997 : Tempozan Ferris Wheel, in Osaka, Japan, opened to the public on July 13, and was 112.5 meters (369 ft) tall.
- 1999 : Daikanransha at Palette Town in Odaiba, Japan, 115 meters high (377Ã, ft).
- 2000 : London Eye, in London, England, height 135 meters (443 feet). Although officially opened on December 31, 1999, it was not open to the public until March 2000, due to technical issues.
- 2006 : Star of Nanchang, in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China, opened for business in May and 160 meters (525Ã, ft) high.
- 2008 : Singapore Flyer, in Singapore, height 165 meters (541Ã,f). It started spinning on February 11, and was officially opened to the public on March 1, 2008.
- 2014 : High Roller, in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, height 167.6 meters (550 feet). It opened to the public on March 31, 2014, and is currently the world's tallest Ferris Wheel.
Timeline
The wheels of the future
Following the great success of Eye London 135 meters (443 feet) since it opened in 2000, Ferris giant wheels have been proposed for many other cities, but a large number of these projects have stalled or failed.
Construction is running
The 210Ã, m (689Ã , Ft.) Ain Dubai (formerly Dubai Eye or Dubai-I) on Bluewaters Island in the United Arab Emirates was announced in February 2013. At that time, construction is planned to begin in June 2013 and completion is expected by 2015, with an estimated cost of US $ 1.6 billion, and Hyundai Engineering & amp; Construction and Starneth Engineering was appointed as the main design and construction contractor. Construction finally started almost two years behind schedule in May 2015 and is now expected to be completed by 2018.Unfinished projects
The 190.5 m (625Ã, ft) New York Wheel was first reported in June 2012 and officially announced by mayor Michael Bloomberg in September 2012. Construction at Staten Island, New York City, in addition to retail complex The planned Outlet Empire was originally planned to begin in early 2014, and completion was initially expected by 2015. In October 2014 it was reported that construction would not begin until 2015, with a pending completion until 2017. This was further pushed back to April 2018, and then postponed indefinitely after NY Wheel developers fired Mammoet-Starneth LLC's main contractor in July 2017 amid legal disputes over missed design and construction deadlines.Jobs left behind
- The Skyvue Las Vegas Super Wheel (or SkyVue - the official website using both) was announced as 145 m (476 ft), and later reported as 150 m (492 ft) and 152.4 m (500Ã, ft). It was approved by Clark County Commission in March 2011, and announced at a groundbreaking ceremony in May 2011 that "We hope it will run on time for New Year 2012". The completion date for its construction on the Las Vegas Strip is then re-entered multiple times. In 2016, no construction work was done for two years.
Stopped proposal
Nippon Moon, described as a "giant observation wheel" by its designers, reported in September 2013 "is under development". At that time, the height "is not currently disclosed", but "almost double the wheel scale in London." Its location, an undetermined Japanese city, "being kept a secret", and its funding "not yet fully secure". Assigned by Ferris Wheel Investment Co., Ltd., and designed by UNStudio in collaboration with Arup, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, and Experientia, is expected to have 32 individually themed capsules and takes 40 minutes to rotate once.
Star Shanghai, originally planned as a 200 meters (656 feet) wheel to be built in 2005, was revised to 170 meters (558 feet), with settlement dates set in 2007, but subsequently canceled in 2006 due to "political inappropriateness". The previous proposal for a 250-meter (820 ft) structure, the Shanghai Kiss, with capsules up and down a pair of towers that meet at their peak instead of wheels, is considered too expensive at £ 100 million.
The Rus-3000, 170 meters (558 ft) wheel, planned to open in 2004 in Moscow, has since been reportedly canceled. Furthermore, a wheel of approximately 180 meters (591 feet) is considered for the Gorky Central Park of Culture and Leisure, and the proposed 150 meters (492 feet) wheel for location near Sparrow Hills. Another giant wheel planned for Prospekt Vernadskogo for 2002 was also never built.
The observation wheel
Observation Wheel is an alternate name for Ferris wheel . In 1892, when a merger paper for the Ferris Wheel Company (constructor of the original Chicago Ferris Wheel 1893) was filed, the company's objectives were expressed as: [construction and operation] "... Ferris wheels or other types for observation or entertainment purposes".
Some Ferris wheels are marketed as observation wheels, there is a difference between the two names that are the operator's wisdom, but the wheel operator rejects the term Ferris wheel often has something in common with the original Chicago 1893 Ferris Wheel, especially in scale and becomes an iconic landmark for the city or event.
Wheels with passenger cars mounted outside to the rim and independently rotated by electric motors, compared to wheels with cars hung from rims and perpendicular by gravity, are the wheels most commonly referred to as observation wheels, and their cars are often referred to as capsules. However, these alternative names are also sometimes used for wheels with conventional gravity-oriented cars.
Only four Ferris wheels with motorized capsules ever made.
- The Highest Roller 167.6 m (550Ã, ft), the world's highest since March 2014, has installed an external motorized capsule of a transparent ball design, and is described as a Ferris wheel and an observation wheel by the media.
- The Singapore flyer 165Ã, m (541Ã, ft) has a motorically mounted cylinder and is portrayed as an observation wheel by its operator, but is also credited as the world's largest "ferris wheel" by the media when it opens on in 2008.
- 135Ã, m (443Ã, ft) The London Eye, usually described as a "giant Ferris wheel" by the media, has ovoidal engined oval capsules and is "the highest observation wheel in world "according to the operator, who claims" The London Eye is often mistakenly called the Ferris wheel.This is not the case: first, the passenger capsule is completely covered and controlled by the climate, secondly, the capsule is positioned on the outside of the wheel structure and is fully motorized; structure is supported by A-frames on one side only. "But the Singapore Flyer then calls itself" the largest observation wheel in the world ", although supported on both sides, and the official website londoneye.com also refers to the London Eye as" The Highest Ferris Wheel in Europe ".
- Melbourne Star of 120 m (394 ft) (formerly Southern Star) in Australia has oval motor capsules mounted oval and described by the operator as "the only observation wheel in the southern hemisphere" but also as a Ferris wheel by the media.
The official conceptual rendering of the proposed 190.5 m (625 ft) New York wheel also shows the wheel is equipped with an externally mounted motor capsule.
The transportable wheel
The transportable Ferris wheel is designed to operate in multiple locations, compared to fixed wheels normally intended for permanent installation. Small, transportable designs can be installed permanently in the trailer, and can be moved completely. Larger transported wheels are designed to be repeatedly dismantled and rebuilt, some using water ballasts instead of permanent foundations of their permanent counterparts.
The fixed wheels are also sometimes dismantled and relocated. Larger examples include the original Ferris Wheel, which operates at two sites in Chicago, Illinois, and the third at St. Louis, Missouri; Technocosmos/Technostar, which moved to Expoland, Osaka, after the Expo '85, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, built, ended; and Cosmo Jam 21, adding 5 meters (16 ft) to the original 107.5 meters (353 ft) altitude when it was set up for the second time at Minato Mirai 21, Yokohama, in 1999.
The tallest transported wheel in the world today is the 78-meter R80XL Bussink Design (256Ã, ft).
One of the most famous wheels of transportation is the 60-meter (197Ã, ft) Roue de Paris, originally installed at the Place de la Concorde in Paris for the 2000 millennium celebrations. Roue de Paris left France in 2002 and in 2003-04 operated in Birmingham and Manchester, England. In 2005 visited Geleen first then Amsterdam, the Netherlands, before returning to England to operate in Gateshead. In 2006 it was established at Suan Lum Night Bazaar in Bangkok, Thailand, and in 2008 had gone to Antwerp, Belgium.
Roue de Paris is a Ronald Bussink R60 series design using 40,000 liters (8,800 gallons of empire; 11,000 US gallons) of water ballast to provide a stable base. R60 weighs 365 tonnes (402 short tons), and can be installed in 72 hours and disassembled in 60 hours by specialist teams. Transportation requires seven 20-foot container trucks, ten open trailer trucks, and one closed truck trailer. The 42 passenger cars can be loaded 3 or 6 at a time, and each car can carry 8 people. Roda Bussink R60 has been operating in Australia (Brisbane), Canada (Niagara Falls), France (Paris), Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur & Malacca), UK (Belfast, Birmingham, Manchester, Sheffield), USA (Atlanta, Myrtle Beach) , and elsewhere.
Other transportable wheels include the 60 meters (197Ã, ft) Steiger Ferris Wheel, which is the world's highest transportation wheel when it began operating in 1980. This car has 42 passenger cars, and weighs 450 tons. On October 11, 2010, it collapsed at Kramermarkt in Oldenburg, Germany, during its deconstruction.
Double and triple wheel
In March 1966, Thomas Glen Robinson and Ralph G. Robinson received a patent for the journey they developed, called the Planetary Ride Amusement.
Robinson sold two of these rides - Astrowheel, which operated at Six Flags Astroworld, Houston, Texas, from 1968 to 1980, and Galaxy, operating at Six Flags Magic Mountain, Valencia, California. Both are manufactured by Astron International Corporation.
The Swiss manufacturer Intamin produces a series of similar rides consisting of vertical columns that support multiple horizontal arms, with each arm supporting the Ferris wheel. The first Intamine produced was the Giant Wheel at Hersheypark in Hershey, Pennsylvania. Others include Zodiac (Kings Island, Mason, Ohio), and Scorpion (Parque de la Ciudad, Buenos Aires, Argentina).
A triple variant is designed specifically for Marriott Corporation, each trip has three main components: the wheel with their passenger car; a set of supporting weapons; and one main support column. Each wheel is rotated around the end of its own supporting arm. The arms will in turn rotate or rotate together as a single unit above the top of the supporting column. The axis that rotates the rotating arm is offset from the vertical, so that when the arm is rotated, each appropriate arm and wheel are lifted and lowered. This allows one wheel to be horizontal at ground level, and stops simultaneously to load and unload all passenger cars, while the other wheel continues to rotate vertically with a high enough height.
Sky Whirl is the world's first Ferris triple wheel, debuting at both Marriott's Great America parks (now Six Flags Great America, Gurnee, Illinois, and California's Great America, Santa Clara) in 1976. Also known as Triple Ferris wheel, Triple Giant Wheel, or Triple Tree Wheel, 33 meters high (108 feet). The Santa Clara ride, renamed the Triple Wheel in the post-Marriott year, closed on 1 September 1997. Gurnee's journey was closed in 2000.
Eccentric wheels
The eccentric wheel (sometimes called the roller wheel or coaster wheel ) is different from the conventional Ferris wheel because some or all of the passenger cars are not directly attached to wheel rims, but glide on the rails between the rim and the hub when the wheels are spinning.
The two most famous eccentric wheels are the Wonder Wheel, the Deno Wonder Wheel Amusement Park, Coney Island, US, and Pixar Pal-A-Round (formerly Sun Wheel, Mickey's Fun Wheel), at Disney California Adventure Park, USA. The latter is a replica of the first. There is a second replica in Yokohama Dreamland, Japan.
The Pixar Pal-A-Round is 48.8 meters (160Ã, ft) tall and has 24 fully sealed passenger cars, each capable of carrying 6 passengers. Each passenger car is decorated with Pixar characters face. 16 cars glide in and out as the wheels rotate, the rest mounted onto the rim. There is a separate boarding queue for the sliding and fixed car, so passengers can choose between the two. Inspired by the 1920 Wonder Wheel Coney Island, designed by Walt Disney Imagineering and Waagner Bureau, completed in 2001 as the Sun Wheel, later renewed and reopened in 2009 as Mickey's Fun Wheel, and re-re-theme as Pixar Pal-A -Round in 2018.
The Wonder Wheel was built in 1920, 45.7 meters high, and can carry 144 people.
Primary designers, manufacturers and operators
Allan Herschell Company (joined Chance Rides in 1970)
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- Seattle Wheel (debut 1962): 16 cars, 2 passengers per car
- Sky Wheel (debut 1939, also produced by Chance Rides): double wheels, with wheels spinning around opposite ends of a pair of parallel beams, and beams rotating around the center; 8 cars per wheel, 2 passengers per car
Morgan Opportunity / Ship Opportunity /Wheel Opportunity/American Opportunity
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- Astro Wheel (debut 1967): 16 cars (8 facing one direction, 8 others), 2 passengers per car
- Wheel Century: high 20 m (66 ft), 15 cars, 4-6 passengers per car
- Giant Wheel: 27Ã, m (89Ã, ft) tall, 20 cars, 6-8 passengers per car
- Niagara SkyWheel (2006): 53.3 m (175Ã, ft) tall, 42 air-conditioned cars, 8 passengers per car
- Myrtle Beach SkyWheel (2011): 57 m high (187 ft), 42 air-conditioned cars, 6 passengers per car
- Eli Bridge Company
- Contemporary models include:
- Signature Series: 16 cars, 3 passengers per car; transported
- Eagle Series: 16 cars, 3 passengers per car; transported
- Series HY-5: 12 cars, 3 passengers per car; transported
- Aristocratic Series: 16 cars, fixed site
- Standard Series: 12 cars, fixed site
- Lil 'Wheel: 6 cars, 3 passengers per car; a removable and fixed site model
Great Wheel Corporation (joined the World Tourist Attractions in 2009 to form the Great City Attraction)
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- Singapore Flyer: height 165Ã, m (541Ã, ft), completed 2008; highest in the world 2008 to 2014
- The Beijing Wheel: a tall 208Ã, m (682Ã, ft), supposedly opened in 2008, entered into the curator, never made
- Great Dubai Wheel: Height 185Ã, m (607Ã, ft), planning permission granted in 2006, supposedly opened in 2009, never made
- The Great Berlin Wheel: 175 m (574 ft) high, supposed to open in 2008, never built
- Great Orlando Wheel: Height 122 m (400 ft), project discontinued in 2009, never built
Intamin/Waagner-Bureau (An ammunition mediated by Intamin - produced by Waagner-Bureau)
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- Mickey's Fun Wheel: eccentric wheel (sliding)
- Giant Wheel: double wheel
- Sky Whirl: tricycle
- Orlando Eye
Mir/Pax
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- Moscow-850, wheels as high as 73 meters (240Ã, ft) in Russia; Europe's highest wheel when completed in 1997, until 1999
- Eurowheel, 90 meters (300Ã, ft) in Italy; Europe's highest wheel when it was completed in 1999, until the end of that year
Ronald Bussink (formerly Nauta Bussink, then Ronald Bussink Professional Rides, then Bussink Landmarks since 2008)
- The Excelled range wheel (sold to Vekoma in 2008) includes:
- R40: fixed or transported 40-meter (131Ã, ft) high, 15 or 30 cars, 8 passengers per car
- R50: Wheels fixed or transported 50 meters (164Ã, ft) high, 18 or 36 cars, 8 passengers per car
- R60: High haulers 60 meters (197Ã, ft), 21 or 42 cars, 8 passengers per car
- R80: Fixed Wheels 80 meters (262 feet), 56 cars, 8 passengers per car
- Bussink Design:
- R80XL: Wheels fixed or transported 78 meters (256Ã, ft), 27 16-person cars, or 54 8-person cars
Sanoyas Rides Corporation (has built more than 80 Ferris wheel)
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- Melbourne Star: high 120 m (394a, ft), completed 2008, rebuilt 2009-2013
- Senyo Kogyo Co., Ltd.
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- Cosmo Clock 21: 107.5 m (353 ft), completed in 1989; highest in the world from 1989 to 1997; Height 112.5 m (369 ft) when re-established in 1999
- Diamond and Flower Ferris Wheel: high 117Ãm (384a, ft), the second highest in the world when completed in 2001
- Tempozan Ferris Wheel: 112.5 m (369 ft), completed 1997; highest in the world from 1997 to 1999
- World Tourists/ Big City Attraction / Wheel Needs /Freij Entertainment International
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- Belfast Wheel
- Brighton wheels
- Roue de Paris
- Windsor Kingdom Wheel
- Birmingham wheels
- Brisbane wheels
- Manchester Wheel
- Sheffield wheels
- Yorkshire wheels
Reference
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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