Port of Spain (also spelled Port-of-Spain ) is the capital of Trinidad and Tobago and the third largest city in the country, after Chaguanas and San Fernando. The city has a city population of 37,074 (2011 census), metropolitan populations 128,026 (1990 unofficial estimates) and a transient daily population of 250,000. It is located in the Gulf of Paria, on the northwest coast of the island of Trinidad and is part of a larger conurbation that extends from Chaguaramas in the west to Arima in the east with an estimated population of 600,000.
The city mainly serves as a retail and administrative center and has been the island's capital since 1757. It is also an important financial service center for the Caribbean and home to the two largest banks in the region.
Port of Spain is also the de facto capital of the short-lived West Indies Federation, which unites the Caribbean. Caricom was founded in Chaguaramas, west of Port of Spain.
The city is also home to the largest container port on the island and is one of several Caribbean shipping centers, exporting agricultural products and manufactured goods. The bauxite of Guyana is delivered through a facility in Chaguaramas, about 8 kilometers (5 mi) west of the city. The pre-lenten carnival is a major annual cultural festival and a tourist attraction of the city.
Today, Port of Spain is a leading city in the Caribbean region. Trinidad and Tobago hosted the US Fifth Summit in 2009 which guests included US President Barack Obama and US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.
Port of Spain is also home to the largest and most successful Caribbean stock exchange, the Trinidad and Tobago Stock Exchange (TTSE). The iconic Tower of Nicholas, as well as other skyscrapers, is well known throughout the region. These buildings dominate the city's skyline. Some of the tallest skyscrapers in the Caribbean are located in Port of Spain.
Video Port of Spain
Histori
The Spanish Port was established near the site of the Amerindian Cumucurapo fishing village ("where the cotton trees"), located in what is now known as Mucurapo, west of the city center. The name Conquerabia is also noted for Indian settlements in this area; this may be a separate village, another name for Cumucurapo, or the result of misunderstanding by early Spanish settlers, who founded the port here: "Puerto de los Espaà ± a oles", then "Puerto de Espaà ± a a". In 1560, the Spanish garrison was placed near the foot of Laventille Hill, which now forms the eastern border of the city.
The part of downtown Port-of-Spain that is closest to the sea was once a region of tidal mud covered by mangrove forests. The first Spanish buildings here, in the 16th and 17th centuries, were open muddy ajoupas, interspersed between large cotton trees and other trees. The fort was a mud walled wall with a hut inside, a flagpole, two or three cannons, and some Spanish soldiers. This was captured during the Walter Raleigh expedition in April 1595. The Caribs were temporary, traveling to the mainland (now Venezuela) and ascending to the Orinoco River. French naval commander Comte D'Estrà ©  visited in 1680, and reported that there is no Port of Spain. But in 1690, the Spanish governor Don Sebastien de Roteta reported in writing to the King of Spain: In 1699, alcalde of Trinidad reported to the king that the natives "were in the habit of insulting the insults and harassment of the Holy Faith and mocking with the efforts of the Holy Fathers."
In 1757, the old capital, San JosÃÆ' © de OruÃÆ'  ± a (modern St. Joseph), about 11 kilometers (7 miles) inland, had fallen into disrepair, and Governor Don Pedro de la Moneda moved his seat to Port of Spain , thus becoming the de facto capital of Trinidad. The last Spanish governor of Trinidad, Don Josà ©  © Maria ChacÃÆ'³n, devoted most of his time to developing a new capital. He forced the island of Cabildo (governing council) to move to Port of Spain, and he restricted his powers to the municipality. Cedula The population of 1783, which encouraged French Catholic settlements on the island, led to a rapid increase in the city's population and its geographic expansion westward.
From a small group of buildings at the foot of Laventille Hill, eleven streets laid out west to the area bounded by the St. Ann, thus forming a grid pattern that survives in downtown Port of Spain to this day. Along the coast is the Plaza de la Marina (Marine Field), a parade. In 1786, the city had a population of about 3,000.
Realizing that the St. Ann, prone to flooding, hampered the city's expansion, ChacÃÆ'³n had changed its course in 1787 so he ran east of the city, along the foot of Laventille Hill. (During the rainy season the river still has a tendency to overflow its banks, flooding parts of the city, for decades its channel will be widened and paved.At the dry season the water level decreases until it drips, the nickname, East Dry River.) Port of Spain can now continue spread to the north and west, disturbing the surrounding sugar cane plantations.
In 1797, Trinidad was attacked by British troops under General Sir Ralph Abercromby. England landed in the west of Port of Spain, in what is still called Invaders Bay, and marched towards the city. Realizing his military resources were inadequate to defend the colony and wanted to avoid unnecessary destruction, Governor ChacÃÆ'³n surrendered and was able to negotiate cheap terms with Abercromby. Port of Spain remains the capital; the new British colonial administration renamed most of the way after British nobility or military figures, but allowed ChacÃÆ'³n Street (which follows the old St. Ann's River road) to retain its name, in honor of the former governor.
In 1803, Port of Spain began to grow southward, with reclamation of coastal mud, using fill from Laventille Hills. It starts with the area to the east of the St. Ann is stymied; the district is still called Sea Lots today. Gradually landfill creeps to the west and the south area of ​​Plaza del Marina becomes solid ground. Other major reclamation efforts occurred in the 1840s, 1870s and 1906s. In 1935 the Deep Water Harbor Scheme dredged offshore areas along the western settlement of Port of Spain, and dredged material was used to fill the area south of Woodbrook. Wrightson Road, connecting downtown Port of Spain to its western suburbs, was built at the same time. This reclaimed land was originally called the Docksite, and was home to US troops during World War II; Then a number of government buildings were built here.
The Port of Spain continued to grow in size and importance during the 19th and early 20th centuries, culminating in the 1960s at about 100,000 people. Since then the inhabitants within the city limits have decreased in size as the downtown area has become increasingly commercial and suburban in the north, west, and north-east valleys of the city has grown. Today the Port of Spain is the western hub of the metropolitan area extending from Carenage, 8 kilometers (5 mi) west of the city, to Arima, 24 kilometers (15 miles) east; This East-West corridor stretches along the southern edge of Trinidad's Northern Range.
From 1958 to 1962, Port of Spain was the temporary capital of the short-lived West Indies Federation, despite plans to build a new federal capital in Chaguaramas, on land occupied by US military bases established during World War II. Federation Park, a residential neighborhood in the western Spanish Port intended to host federal government employees, was a warning for the time.
In July 1990, extremist Muslim groups detained the prime ministers and parliamentarians for 5 days while unrest and robbery rocked the Spanish Port. The damage was a significant deterioration to the city's commercial district at a time of severe economic hardship, but the business returned. In 2005 there was an unprecedented series of small bombings in Port of Spain that caused injury to observers. They quit in October 2005 but the perpetrators have not been prosecuted.
Maps Port of Spain
Geography
The Port of Spain measures about 10.4 km (2 mi) in the area and lies in the northwestern part of Trinidad Island, between Paria Bay, Rentang Utara and Caroni Rawa.
The North Range is a range of high and varied hills along the northern part of Trinidad and is considered an extension of the Andes mountains in South America, though that is not geologically correct. More than 465 species of birds, and 100 species of mammals can be found in these mountains, making it one of the most diverse mountains in the Caribbean. The Northern Range flows from the Chaguaramas Peninsula in the west to Toco to the east and consists mainly of steep metasedimentary rocks and dense rainforests containing a wide variety of animal plants and species. Port of Spain is located at the western end and the city rises to rolling hills and valleys that are largely deforested. The two highest peaks are El Cerro del Aripo and El Tucuche which has a height of 900 m (3,000 ft).
The 3278 hectare protected Caroni Swamp has long established a physical barrier to the city's expansion to the south, forcing an endless urban growth toward the east at the expense of a traffic jam ramp. This western mangrove forest area is the island's second largest wet island after the Nariva Swamp East Coast is almost twice as big. It has over 160 species of birds, including the national bird, the red ibis. It is one of the country's most popular tourist attractions with visitor facilities and regular guided boat tours.
Several cities are located on the reclaimed land of Paria Bay, a quiet bay that separates Trinidad from Venezuela, while the other passes up the hill above the city. Geographically, the Port of Spain is ideal for maritime traffic, providing a natural harbor on the northwest coast of Trinidad where bad weather conditions are extremely rare. Unlike Chaguanas and San Fernando, Port of Spain has a cool climate due to the altitude and mountains of the Northern Range around it. In the foggy valleys and mountains that surround the northern periphery of the city, temperature inversion is quite frequent and the mountains provide cooling assistance from the sweltering heat below. Blue Basin falls, a popular attraction, located north on Diego Martin. It is the closest waterfall and refreshing and refreshing. [1]
Cityscape
District
- Port of Spain City Center is the Port of Spain City Center Business District. It is the oldest part of the city and covers between South Quay (to the south), Oxford Street (to the north), St. Ann (to the east), and Richmond Street (to the west). It is the cultural and financial center of Trinidad and Tobago and the larger Caribbean region and is home to the Trinidad and Tobago Stock Exchange, the Trinidad and Tobago Central Bank, the Independence Square and most of the skyscrapers in the country and city.
- Woodbrook is a large district formerly a sugar plantation owned by the Siegert family, sold to the City Council in 1911 and evolving into a wider residential and district neighborhood. Woodbrook is known for its cultural gingerbread houses and many landscaped gardens and green spaces and distinctive architectural heritage.
- Saint James is north of Woodbrook and west of Saint Clair and is the last district to be included in the city limits. Since the late 19th century, Saint James has become the center of East Indian population in the Port and hence many roads in this district are named after the cities and districts of India. This district is the city's main nightlife district and is given the nickname "Town that never sleeps". Superstar International Nicky Minaj born in Trinidad was born in Saint James and lived here until the age of seven years to emigrate to New York City with his parents.
- Newtown is a district north of Port of Spain and is home to many churches and schools within the city. Newtown District has evolved well into an advanced business area with many diplomatic missions stationed there.
- Saint Clair is a high-end business and residential area between Queen's Park Savannah and the Maraval River. It is home to most of the grandest and largest houses in the city as well as home to the Seven Magnificent Houses. Federation Park and Ellerslie Park, two of the most luxurious neighborhoods of Port of Spain are also located in this district.
- Belmont is a district in a town located at the foot of Laventille Hill, is the first suburb of the city. In the 1840s 50s, parts of the area were populated by Africans who were rescued by the Royal Navy from illegal slave ships. In the 1880-90s, the population swelled rapidly, and the typical Belmont road pattern of the narrow winding paths developed. The black professional classes built large houses in Belmont, as they were expelled from the more expensive neighborhoods such as St. Clair and Maraval; Belmont is known as "the Black St Clair". Many of these large homes have been renovated and converted into business use, but some remain in the hands of the family. Belmont is currently a middle to low class housing environment. It was the birthplace and early home of many important carnival designers and delinquents. Belmont has 9,035 inhabitants.
- Laventille is located on the East River St. Ann, better known as East Dry River, is a working-class neighborhood of Laventille. For visitors entering Port of Spain from the airport, this neighborhood dominates the city as it spreads to the surrounding hills. This area is unfortunately described as one of the most violent in the country due to drug warfare, firearms and grasses among gangs (financed by the wealth of illegal drugs in the community), but also the birthplace of steelpan and, some argue, the spiritual capital of this city since calypso. Steelpan and carnival are the lifeblood of many Trinidad people who live in the capital. Southern Laventille is the Beetham Estate and Sea Lots, two other economically depressed neighborhoods.
Suburbs
Immediately north and northwest of Port of Spain is located on the outskirts of Cascade, St. Ann's, Maraval and Diego Martin. The last two districts are outside the city limits, but are sometimes considered an extension of the city. St. Ann's is famous for being the official residence of the Prime Minister and the diplomatic center. Cascade, mainly suburban area with many treed type housing located in the southeast area of ​​St. Ann. Cascade is bordered by St. Ann on a hill called Mount Hololo, a middle-class and exclusive residential neighborhood.
Maraval is home to an exclusive Trinidad Country Club and is adjacent to the popular Long Circular Mall. Furthermore, west Diego Martin, located on the outskirts of Westmoorings, is known for its luxurious Miami-style apartments overlooking the seafront. One of the fancy shopping centers in Trinidad, The Falls at West-Mall, is located in the center of this development. As you head west out of the rare Carenage settlement, the peninsula known as Chaguaramas, once a large US Army base, has been at the center of hundreds of international cruisers and the world's major cruise and storage center.
To the east along the East-West Corridor, it also falls outside the city limits, located the major cities of San Juan, Tunapuna and Arima. With congestion in the downtown area not accessible during peak hours, major shopping centers like Valsayn Shopping Center, Grand Bazaar and Trincity Mall are popping up at the intersection of the highway. The latter two are listed as one of the largest shopping centers in the country and in the Caribbean, with 60,000 square meters (600,000 sq ft) of commercial space in each. Two major Universities have been established in the eastern part of the E-W corridor - the West Indies regional university, the St. Augustine and the multi-campus local university of Trinidad and Tobago whose main campus is on the outskirts of Arima.
Climate
The city has a wet and dry tropical climate (KÃÆ'¶ppen Aw ) characterized by warm to hot temperatures throughout the year, with slight seasonal variation due to its proximity to the equator, even though the night temperatures decrease slightly. during the winter months from January to March. Temperatures typically range from 19 to 34 ° C, rarely above 35 or below 17. The rainy season lasts from June to November, and the dry season lasts from December to May of the following year. During December-February, it can be cool on a curfew.
City structure
The official population of Port of Spain is relatively small, and reflects the narrow limits of the city including the central business district and a number of economically contiguous suburbs and some adjoining periphery. In addition to the official population, the adjacent East-West Corridor conjunction has a population close to 600,000 people and the feeling of "big city" with its commuter-dominated suburbs. Corridor is an area built in northern Trinidad that stretches from the capital, Port of Spain, 24 kilometers (15 miles) east to Arima. It covers the cities of Barataria, San Juan, St. Joseph, Curepe, St. Augustine, Tunapuna, Tacarigua, Arouca, and Five Rivers, once different communities and now districts in sustainable urban areas. For the most part it runs along Main Street East, between Churchill-Roosevelt Highway and the foothills of the Northern Range.
Garden
Queen's Park Savannah
Queen's Park SavannahThe largest open space of Port of Spain - and the largest traffic circle in the world - is the Savannah Queen Park, known as "Savannah". It occupies about 110 hectares (260 acres) of land level, and the distance around the perimeter is about 3.5 km (2.2 miles). After the sugar soil, it was purchased by the city council in 1817 from the Peschier family (except for a small parcel near its center that serves as the Peschier cemetery, which remains in private hands).
It was originally used as a vast pasture in the suburbs, but in the mid-19th century the place was designated as a garden. Until the early 1990's, horse racing was often held on the Savannah race track, and also contained several fields of cricket, football, and rugby. Regardless of the circle of trees around it, Savannah was never really landscaped, except for a small area in the northwest corner called Hollows, a former reservoir that is now drained and planted with bushes.
Soon north of Savannah - also the northern border of the city of Port of Spain - is the Royal Botanic Gardens, the Emperor Valley Zoo, the Presidential House (recently abandoned after one end falls), the prime minister's official residence, and Queen's Hall, the city's premier performing arts venue. Lady Chancellor Road, climbing into the hills overlooking Savannah, is one of the most exclusive residential areas of Port of Spain and home to former West Indies cricketer and batsman crusher Brian Lara.
On the south side of Savannah is the Grand Stand, formerly used for horse racing viewing, which is now used for various cultural events, especially Carnival, while the temporary North Stand and built stage are built in front of the Grand Stand, creating a "Big Yard" ", Carnival center location since the beginning of the 20th century (formerly, the main viewing area for Carnival is in downtown Port of Spain.) From this location the Band Parade is broadcast live to the country at Monday and Tuesday Carnival; it is also the venue for Calypso Monarch and Carnival King and Queen Competitions and the final of the Steelpan Panorama Competition.The arches and cool architectural curves of the National Academy of Performing Arts of Port of Spain (see images and texts) dominate the southern boundary of Savannah between the Memorial Park's green landmarks (as a reminder of soldiers killed during World War I and II and gingerbread laid out, chalk built, colorful splendor of Knowsley Ministry of Foreign Affairs Building.
The western edge of Savannah, along Maraval Road, is the location of Magnificent Seven, a group of Victorian and Edwardian buildings built in eccentric and flamboyant style. This is the recently restored Queen's Royal College; the home of the Anglican bishops and the Roman Catholic archbishop; Whitehall, once a private residence, then the prime minister's office from 1963 to 2010; Mille Fleurs, once a private residence, is undergoing a full restoration as a public museum and headquarters for the National Heritage Trust and sold to the Government in 1979; Roomor, an ornamental black-and-white building that remains a private residence; and Stollmeyer's Castle, a tower house that was supposed to be a model at Balmoral Castle. The slow build-up of restorations over the years remains a concern.
Housing
Housing in Port of Spain ranges from luxurious seaside apartments to board houses with no indoor plumbing and motorized access. The persistent pressure for expansion of commercial development in Woodbrook and downtown POS (Port of Spain) has led to rapid decline in urban population over the last 4 decades. The personal development scheme on Damien Woodbrook street recently provides 350 luxury apartments, but that is not affordable for most, although originally intended for the general population.
To address this issue, the East Port of Spain Development Company was formed in 2005 with a mandate to develop and rebuild a zone in eastern Port of Spain to improve the economic, social and physical environment of these areas. Most of the entrances of Port of Spain East have been cleared of old warehouses and sub-standard housing.
There are several new government housing projects in the city being built or planned.
Government
Port of Spain is managed by Port of Spain City Corporation. There are 12 board members and 4 board members. The mayor is elected from the board membership. The council is headed by the mayor, who effectively becomes the head of the town guard. It formulates policies and provides direction for running cities through a number of standing committees that each meet at least once per month.
The rulings are then ratified at the mandatory board meeting, which takes place on the last Wednesday of each month. The board's policy and direction is implemented by the corporate administrative arm, headed by the chief executive officer and has under the responsibility of a number of senior officers and a workforce of about 3,000 paid daily workers and 300 workers paid per month.
The Chief Executive Officer and his staff are civil servants who function under the Ordinance Authority's Commission Ordinance.
Mayor
After the election in 1887, Michel Maxwell Philip became mayor, a position previously held only by whites. Bridget Brereton writes in his 2002 Race Relations in Colonial Trinidad 1870-1900 that "this probably marked the appearance of a colored man as a political force in Trinidad".
Joel Martinez is the current mayor of Port of Spain.
Electoral districts are:
- St. James East
- St. James West
- Woodbrook
- Northern Port of Spain
- Belmont East
- Belmont North & amp; West
- South Port of Spain
- East Dry River
- St. River Ann in the South
- St. Ann River Center
- St. Ann's River North
- Belmont South
Port of Spain became the "city" in 1914; the regulation was adopted on 29 May and proclaimed by the Governor on June 25, 1914. The first city council member was elected on 2 November. Among them are oil pioneers Randolph Rust, lawyer and social activist Emmanuel Mzumbo Lazare and Dr. Enrique Prada, who was elected chairman by council and became the first mayor of the City of Port of Spain.
Economy
Port of Spain is a shopping and business center for most countries. Most government offices are also located in the city and many important government services can only be accessed at the Ministry offices located in the city center. In recent years, the local bank headquartered here has helped it become a financial hub for the Caribbean and Central American regions. The two largest banks in the Caribbean, the Republic Bank, Trinidad and Tobago Limited and Royal Bank of Trinidad and Tobago (RBTT, repurchased by Royal Bank in 2008) are headquartered here or base their Caribbean operations in the city.
Trinidad's economy is based on natural gas and oil. There are no heavy industry sites located in Port of Spain, but major oil refineries and many petrochemical and iron and steel plants exist or are planned for sites to the south and closer to the second city of San Fernando in Trinidad. However, oil and gas companies and some service companies have placed their headquarters in the city to be in close proximity to the government services, infrastructure and high quality of life enjoyed by many Port of Spain residents. Some oil and gas company headquarters are located in Port of Spain (many others are found in San Fernando & Point Lisas) including BPTT, BGTT (British Gas), BHP Billiton, EOG Resources, Fluor, Repsol YPF, Atlantic LNG and Baker Hughes.
Trinidad and Tobago is considered one of the richest countries in the Caribbean and some of this wealth is on display in Port of Spain. High incomes from international sales of natural gas have helped the country in the Port of Spain International Waterfront project built on the former Land Port Authority. Port of Port of Spain is the country's premier port for packing shipment followed by Port of Point Lisas. Cruise ships are also anchored in ports that have: general international cargo handling facilities for containers, bulk cargo, Roll-on/Roll-off and dry/liquid bulk Ports also operate ferry services between Trinidad & Tobago, as an agent of the Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Tourism is targeted for expansion and is a growing sector in the city economy, but not as important as in other Caribbean cities. Port of Spain has a large agricultural market, known as the "central market" where food produced in the surrounding countryside is traded.
Education
In 1999/2000 there were 40 Government/Maid schools located in the Port of Spain Administration Area. There were 17,957 students enrolled in elementary school and 15,641 enrolled in high school. In high school, 7,567 were male and 8074 were female.
Education is free and compulsory until high school. Substitute schools of Port of Spain, as citizens of Trinidad and Tobago, do not pay tuition to study at local & amp; public tertiary institutions and private areas except for postgraduate studies where they pay highly subsidized fees. There are several leading tertiary institutions in Port of Spain and beyond, especially the St. Augustine from West of West Indies University with three campuses, which has a local campus registration of 15,571 in the academic year 2007/2008. The University of Trinidad and Tobago has several campuses and institutes in the greater Port of Spain area including the research-based Natural Gas Institute and the Chaguaramas Center for Maritime Studies.
Demographics and architecture
Port of Spain has a population of 18,008 men and 19,066 women, with 5,694 businesses and is home to 12,333 households with an average size of 2.9 per census 2011. The city experienced an average annual growth rate of -2.3% between the year census 2000 and 2011
The diverse population of Port of Spain reflects two centuries of immigration and this shows in its architecture. The city has a French colonial-style 'gingerbread' house, a building with New Orleans reminiscent of wrought-iron fences and wooden furnishings beside modern high-rise towers and striped malls with the luxury of gothic-style cathedrals, mosques and Hindu temples testifying to cultural diversity. It is home to African, Indian, French, English, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Venezuelan, Chinese and Syrian immigrants, most of them arriving since the Spanish Cedula Population 1783. Prominent Spanish citizens include Derek Walcott (1992 Nobel Prize Literature) and former West Indies cricketer Brian Lara.
Ancestor
Culture and entertainment
Trinidad has a rich cultural tapestry that creates opportunities for celebrations beyond the expectations of many people for a small Caribbean island; so there is much to see and do after hours in Port of Spain, even long after the annual Carnival festivities. While the popularity of the main shopping area around Frederick Street as a night entertainment center remains steady or declining, the expansion of entertainment venues to malls and remote towns has occurred. St. James, 'uptown' Port of Spain (St. Clair and Woodbrook) has seen booms at nightclubs, sports bars and fine dining restaurants as workers from government offices and large companies that alight at night from headquarters built in newly commercialized environment that was previously luxurious.
Sports
Port of Spain hosts major sports venues including Oval Queen Park, Hasely Crawford Stadium, Jean Pierre Complex and various sports fields at Queen Park Savannah. Port of Spain is one of the host cities of the 2007 Cricket World Cup. The city hosts the 2009 Pan American Junior Athletic Championships and the 2001 FIFA U-17 World Cup final in 2001 as well as the FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup.
Green space, boxes and places
There are a number of well-placed green spaces that have been preserved in Port of Spain. Many of them are referred to as squares or parks. Although some Squares have retained some of their original "skeletons" consisting of metal lengths placed in concrete, which surround the exterior of the space, with each Square having at least four gates. These gates are positioned at the corners thus allowing the main path of the Square to form the X. Some Squares have not been retained or whether they provide a look after having a metal length placed at its exterior points as demarcation lines. Based on the gate to Squares not closed at all times and the lack of a metal enclosure on others, there is the impression that the Box and these places are also open to the public at all hours. In some Squares, there are streetlights to illuminate the interior of the square at night.
Some of the more famous boxes are as follows:
Lord Harris Square located between Pembroke, New and Abercromby Sts. "was founded in the early 1900s, (and) named in honor of Lord Harris, the governor of Trinidad between 1846 and 1854".
Woodford Square is located between Frederick, Abercromby and Hart Sts. This room is bordered by Old National Library, The Red House and Trinity Cathedral. Woodford Square is sometimes referred to as "Woodford Sq University because it is sometimes used by soapbox speakers and gospel preachers, this is a central center of the symbolic city." Dr Eric Williams, Trinidad and Tobago's first prime minister, lectured to the masses here about the importance sovereignty, which then led to the country's independence from Britain ".
"Woodford Square was formerly known as Brunswick Square." But before 1808, "Woodford Square was first known as the Place of Souls by indigenous Indians who fought in bloody battles in this open space.... With the arrival of French settlers to the island, they called the Place of Souls - Place Des Ames, Place Des Ames means Place of the soul, Place Des Ames then known as Brunswick Square, Brunswick Square is used as a parade for soldiers Many of these soldiers are Germans Brunswick is a German name, and so it is believed that this open space is named after the Germans who use it. "
Marine Square, while not a designated green space serves as a meeting place for many visitors who come to Port of Spain. "Plaza De La Marina is the name given to the area stretching from Wharf in the west to the Roman Catholic Cathedral to the east." "When Britain came in 1797 its name was changed to Marine Square.... In the 1880s a fountain was erected in the center of the square." "1962: Marine Square becomes Independence Square." In the 1980s "this area was the site of the statue of Captain Arthur Andrew Cipriani (1875-1945), one of the prominent political and sports leaders of Trinidad and Tobago...... The area was later renamed Brian Lara Promenade in honor of the cricketer and the best-known record breaker in Trinidad and Tobago, Brian Charles Lara (1974-).The Promenade finished in three phases and finally opened in August 1995 ".
A bit more history on Marine Square is revealed in the following quotation: "The square is the home of the early Syrian/Lebanese people as they started arriving in Trinidad in the early 20th century, fleeing from religious and political extremism, persecution against people Turkeys who had conquered their land. The original number of immigrants was small but grew larger when the confrontation broke out between the sect of Muslim and Christian Maronites.
Annette Rahael, the third-generation Syrian living in Trinidad explained, "when the early settlers arrived and saw the cathedral at the Marine Square they immediately claimed to be God's House and adopted Catholics as their religious affiliation, since no church in Trinidad celebrated it.the Orthodox religious liturgy Antiochans they have practiced in their country ".
Tamarind Square - The square is located between Nelson and George Sts. Located near one of the local banks established in Trinidad and Tobago, "Bankers". The bank joins Trinidad Cooperative Bank and National Commercial Bank to establish First Citizens' Bank.
Victoria Square is located on Duke St. West, Park St, and has been categorized as Park located in Woodbrook according to WOW City. However, because of its location on Duke St. West that begins on Wrightson Road and ends at Charlotte St., it is included here.
Kew Place is one of the smallest "squares" in Port of Spain. "Kew Place has a length of 0.12 kilometers" and is large enough to accommodate the statue of Gandhi. The hotel is located directly opposite the main entrance to Lapeyrouse Cemetery on Philip Street and is within walking distance of Victoria Square.
Art, entertainment and nightlife
Nightlife and restaurants
Port of Spain offers a variety of nightclubs and entertainment complexes; some of the best and most expensive are Zen, 51 degrees, Coco Lounge, El Morocco, and Shaker; but this list often changes as the tastes of the party's visitors change. International and regional players such as Beyoncà ©  ©, Chris Brown, Sean Paul, Rihanna, Cascada, Akon, Usher, Maroon 5, Kumar Sanu and the original birth of Trinidadian International Super Star Nicki Minaj to mention very little, have visited Port of Spain.
A variety of restaurants including Italian, Mexican, Lebanese, Thai, Venezuelan, Spanish, French, Japanese, Chinese, Creole, American and Indian can be found in Port of Spain with much concentrated on Ariapita Avenue, popular entertainment channels, which also include Jazz Lounge and Wine Tasting restaurant. Fiesta Plaza in MovieTowne, a tribute to Bourbon Street New Orleans, on the city's waterfront, features many new restaurants, alfresco dining and a stage with live entertainment. The award-winning Port of Spain restaurant provides a variety of local and international cuisine, along with a traditional fast food network. Many restaurants in this city can be sampled at the T & amp; T held at the Jean Pierre Sports Complex every year in May.
Art
Port of Spain is also a cultural center for the country. Dance and theater routinely takes place in:
- Little Carib in the corner of Robert and White Street that has been the center of Woodbrook culture for the past fifty years. It is one of the oldest theaters in the country, founded by local dance legend, Beryl McBurnie, in 1947.
- Queen's Hall was built in 1959 through the efforts of the music community led by Ny. May Johnstone, a music teacher and partly funded by the Government of Trinidad & Tobago. It is designed as a versatile facility to accommodate theater presentations and various community activities including sports and has seating for 782. The Hall is located on 1.4 acres ( 3 1 / 2 hectare) land in St. Petersburg. Ann's. His famous neighbor is the President's House on one side and the Prime Minister's residence on the other.
- The Central Bank Auditorium at Eric Williams Plaza built in 1986 not only serves the needs of the Bank but also as a civilian contribution aimed at improving the performing arts in Trinidad and Tobago. The auditorium is located in the southeast corner of the Central Bank building. It has a seating capacity for 400 and provides computer lighting and voice control.
- The National Academy of Performing Arts of Port of Spain (see picture and description) is a new city art center. Facilities 39,864.0 square meters (429,093 sqÃ, ft) are equipped with a 1500-capacity show hall and hotel for visitors to visit. The show center was completed in November 2009 and hosted Queen Elizabeth II and other Commonwealth leaders for the opening of the Commonwealth meeting in Port of Spain.
- The proposed National Carnival and Entertainment Center which is a locally designed 15-18,000 seat culture center built in Queen's Park Savannah.
Port of Spain is the center of one of the largest carnivals in the world, with tens of thousands participating in pre-tasted street parties.
One of the most notable artists of Port of Spain is Peter Minshall, who created the 'mas' costume or disguised for Trinidad's annual carnival. Internationally, he helped design the opening ceremonies for the 1987 Pan American Games, the 1992 Barcelona Olympics, the Atlanta Olympics 1996, the 1994 Soccer World Cup and the Salt Lake City Winter Olympics of 2002.
Museum
The National Museum and Art Gallery are the most important museums in the country. It features the depiction of national festivals, Carnival, life during World War II and artefacts from the country's early settlers, Amerindians. There are also exhibits by leading local and international artists, with exhibits posted at various times throughout the year. The museum was founded in 1892 and was originally called the Royal Victoria Institute, since it was built as part of the preparations for Queen Victoria's celebrations.
The National Museum has two smaller branch museums:
Fort San Andres is located in South Quay, opposite the City Gate. According to Geoffrey MacLean, in the Trinidad Express newspaper in December 2014, "the castle, replacing the mud and wood pile that serves as the sole port of the Port of Spain, was, when completed in 1787, was offshore and linked to the mainland by a wooden bridge. "
The Trinidad and Tobago Police Service Museum located at Old Police Headquarters on St. John's Road. Vincent. The museum is located near the Old Cabildo Building, called the Law Museum in August 2012 by the TT Guardian TT when it reopens, the Ministry of Justice, and the Colonial Life Insurance Co Ltd building, known as CLICO, and its opposite. to CLICO is RED HOUSE.
Crime
Port of Spain and its immediate neighborhood have higher crime rates than other parts of Trinidad. Murders across the country rose from less than 50 in 1980, to 97 in 1998, then to 360 in 2006 (30 murders per 100,000 people). This increased to about 500 in 2008 but declined significantly in 2010 and 2011. For 2012, the murder rate reached 354 per 100,000 people, but with an emergency imposed by the government for about three months. For 2013 the tariff reaches 407. Until July 2014, the number reached 207 murders.
Many murders are drug and related gangs, especially in distressed communities in East Port of Spain. Police administration has responded by improving the working conditions of officers, increasing the use of forensic evidence and surveillance technology (CCTV cameras) as well as employing overseas experts.
The kidnapping report for ransom that increased several years ago has declined dramatically since 2006. However, theft and violent crime remain in force today, while crime and crime perception continue to hamper the city's economic outlook.
Infrastructure
Health
Five RHAs provide general health care services to residents of Trinidad and Tobago. RHAs (Regional Health Authorities) are autonomous bodies that own and operate health facilities in their respective areas. The municipality of Port of Spain is served by the Northwest Health Authority (NWRHA). NWRHA manages and manages Port of Spain General Hospital, St Ann's Mental Hospital, St. John's Health Complex James and 16 health centers serving the 500,000-person recharge area. Port General Hospital of Spain is one of the major trauma centers in the country and in the Southern Caribbean.
The demand for prompt quality health services has led to the formation of private hospitals. The main ones are:
- Westshore Medical Center, Cocorite
- St. Clair Medical Center, St. Clair
- Seventh-day Adventist Seventh-day Community Hospital, Cocorite
In the greater Port of Spain area, the state-sponsored and fully government-sponsored Eric Williams Health Complex, run by North Central RHA, is also a major provider of medical services. These include Ward Son Wendy Fitzwilliam and Mt. Hope Women Hospital.
Transportation
Road
Port of Spain has one of the most congested and complex road systems in Trinidad and Tobago and the Caribbean. Transportation in and out of Port of Spain is plagued by severe congestion during the morning and evening rush hour. Port of Spain The highway is equipped with CCTV cameras, road signs, trail marks, cat eyes, and other safety features.
- East Entrance: Traffic enters the eastern city along the six Churchill-Roosevelt Highway lines ending in Barataria, just east of the city and becomes the Beetham Highway for the rest of the journey to Port of Spain, then narrows to four line just before the Waterfront Center where it was then called Wrightson Road. Alternatively, traffic can turn north in Barataria and enter the city through Lady Young Road two-lane mountains. The Eastern Main Road runs parallel to the highway and enters the city at the east end of Independence Square. Priority Bus Routes (dedicated to public and private bus and minibus traffic and walking along the Trinidad Government Railway line) enter the city at the City Gate.
- West Entrance: Traffic from the west enters the city via West Main Street and Audrey Jeffers Highway four lanes. Some narrow mountain roads allow for the entry of alternative points from the west.
Public transport
City Gate serves as a transportation hub for public buses and private mini buses (known as maxi-taxis). City Gate is located in South Quay south of Independence Square. A ferry service connecting Port of Spain with Scarborough, Tobago and water taxi services, restarted in December 2008 (the coastal townships of Trinidad were once served by steamers), linking it with San Fernando.
Airport
Like other parts of the island of Trinidad, Port of Spain is served by Piarco International Airport located in Piarco, about 10 km (6 mi) east of Port of Spain.
Upgrade the package
To ease current traffic difficulties resulting in two to three hours of travel during peak hours, a number of projects are in various stages of implementation. The elevation of the Churchill-Roosevelt highway onto a separate freeway and the expansion of the water ferry service from Port of Spain to major downtown along the west coast is essential.
Utilities
The power plant is handled by Powergen, a private power producer, while electricity distribution is handled by the Trinidad and Tobago Electricity Commission (T & amp; TEC) a state-owned company. Powergen has one natural gas-fired plant located on Wrightson Road in Port of Spain but the plant closes on January 14, 2016 which ends a 121-year-old power plant in Port of Spain. Port of Spain is supplied by electricity from power plant facilities located at Point Lisas, Penal and La Brea.
Telecommunications is governed by the Telecommunications Authority of Trinidad and Tobago (TATT). It has successfully monopolized the industry, providing several new mobile phone licenses in 2005 for two private companies, Digicel and Laqtel to offer wireless services in competition with TSTT. Laqtel which will offer Trinidad and Tobago's first CDMA (3G) network has been revoked by TATT in 2008. Fixed and broadband telephony services have also become a monopoly controlled by Telecommunications Services of Trinidad and Tobago (TSTT). Flow, the monopoly cable provider, also now offers this service to its vast customer base. Satellite, Wifi, EDGE, GPRS, DSL and cable broadband services over 6 Mbit/s are available throughout the city. There is a Wifi hotspot in all major and free hotels in coffee shops, malls, and at the airport. broadband and mobile competition has resulted in lower levels and wider availability of services for consumers. Water and sewage are under the scope of the Water and Sewerage Authority of Trinidad and Tobago (WaSA). Much of the city's water supply comes from the Caroni Arena Dam located in the Forest Reserve Arena near Brazil Village. The Caroni Arena dam supplies the Caroni Water Treatment Plant located opposite the Piarco International Airport South Terminal. The Caroni Water Treatment Plant was upgraded in 2000 to a total daily production of 75 m.g.d.
Another important facility, the new Beetham Waste Water Treatment Plant, began handling domestic waste to international standards in 2004. The plant serves customers in the Greater Port of Spain and the environment of Pt. Cumana in the west to Mt. Hopes in the east include Diego Martin and Maraval.
Much of the waste is disposed of at the Beetham TPA, commonly known as La Basse.
Mobile networks
- Digicel Trinidad and Tobago
- Bmobile
Main cable telecommunication network
- Columbus Communications Trinidad and Tobago
- Digicel Play
- TSTT
Wireless subscription television
- Green Dot
- DirecTV
Diplomatic missions in Port of Spain
Twin and twin cities
Port of Spain is a twin or is a twin city with the following cities:
- Atlanta, United States
- Georgetown, Guyana
- Lagos, Nigeria
- Morne-ÃÆ' -l'Eau (MÃÆ'²nalo), Guadeloupe
- Richmond, USA
- Catharines, Canada
See also
- List of Caribbean cities
References
Further reading
- Anthony, Michael (2001). Historical Dictionary of Trinidad and Tobago . Scarecrow Press, Inc. Lanham, Md., And London. ISBN 0-8108-3173-2.
External links
- Port of Spain travel guides from Wikivoyage
- Official website
- Tram and Trolleybuses Port of Spain
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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