Homes typically have several types of house wires , including power lines for lighting and power distribution, permanent and portable fixtures, telephones, heating or ventilation control systems, and more for home theater and computer networks.
Safety regulations for cabling vary around the world, with national, regional and municipal regulations sometimes applicable. Some places allow homeowners to install some or all of the cables at home; other jurisdictions require a power cord to be installed by a licensed electrician.
Video Home wiring
Typical features
In the construction of new homes, cables for all electrical services can be easily installed before the walls are completed. In existing buildings, installation of a new system, such as a security system or home theater, may require additional effort to install hidden cables. Some residential units such as condominiums and apartment houses may have additional installation complexity in distributing in-house services.
Commonly found services include:
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- Power point (wall socket)
- Light and light switch
- Phone
- Internet
- Television, whether broadcast, cable, or satellite
High-end features may include:
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- Home theater
- Distributed audio
- Security monitoring
- CCTV Security
- Automation
- Energy management
Electrical and telecommunication services generally require entry points into homes and locations for connection equipment. For electric power supplies, cables run above or below ground into the distribution board at home. Distribution boards, or circuit breaker panels, are usually metal boxes mounted on the walls of a house. In many new homes the electrical switchboard location is on the outside of the external wall of the garage.
How the connected services will vary depends on the service provider and home location.
The following home services are supported by discrete cabling systems
- Information and Communication
- Entertainment
- Energy Management
- Security and Security
- Digital Home Health
- Live and Helped
- Lighting and Smart Power.
Maps Home wiring
Elements
Power point
Power points (containers, plugs, wall plugs) need to be installed throughout the house at locations where electricity will be needed. In many areas the installation must be done in accordance with the standards and by a licensed electrician or expert. Power points are usually located where there will be installed devices such as, telephones, computers, televisions, home theater, security systems, CCTV systems.
Fittings and light switch
The number of lamp installations depends on the type of lighting and lighting requirements in each room. Incandescent lamps make household lighting practical, but modern homes use a variety of light sources to provide desired light levels with higher energy efficiency than incandescent lamps. Lighting designers can provide specific recommendations for home lighting. The lighting layout at home should consider the lighting control as this affects the wiring. For example, multiway switching is useful for corridors and stairs so that light can be turned on and off from two locations. Outdoor courtyard lighting, and lighting for other buildings such as a garage can use switches inside the house.
Phone
A telephone network is required between the entrance and location of phone company services throughout the home. Often a house will have a phone booth in the kitchen, study room, family room or bedroom for comfort. Telephone company regulations may limit the number of calls that can be used at a time. The phone cord normally uses two twisted pair cables that end to the telephone connector. Cables are usually installed as daisy chains starting from the point where the telephone company is connected to a home or each outlet can be reconnected to the entrance.
Data
The data cable has two components, these are:
- Data delivery service
- Data network cable
The three most common ways data services are sent home:
- ADSL service on the back of phone cord
- Modem Cable
- Fibers
Layanan ADSL
ADSL services are usually sent using a telephone cord. The ADSL modem requires a filter to separate the voice handset from the ADSL modem.
Modem Cable Cable modems are usually installed in locations where existing Pay-TV service channels exist. Installation requires installation of a Pay TV outlet (F connector).
Fiber Fiber is the most common but growing number. If the house has fiber for it then the fiber ends on what is known as the Optical Network Termination (ONT) unit and has a data port on it. The cable from the road to the point where the ONT is installed is fiber and is usually installed by the service provider.
In all three cases, the equipment provided by the Internet provider will have a connection to the computer installed in the building. This is a network data cable or LAN cable.
If more than one computer or device (PC, printer, TV, etc.) Must be connected at home, LAN cabling will be required. The cables used for data networks are similar to telephone cables due to twisted pair but of a much higher quality. These cables are known as Category 5 or Cat 6. Cabling must be installed as a star cabling configuration, that is, cabling from the point next to the modem, hub, or router is not interrupted to the socket next to the device wires that need to be connected. The computer network cable can not be chained from one outlet to the next; each outlet is paired individually back to the hub or router next to the modem. If only one computer is needed, it can be directly plugged into the modem. An alternative to wired LANs especially useful for mobile devices is wireless LAN, which can reduce or eliminate all fixed cables.
Television
Cable for free to air TV requires the following:
- Antenna
- Coaxial cable
- TV Outlet
The type of antenna varies by location; urban areas with the nearest transmitter will require a smaller antenna than a rural site with a remote station. Antenna is often installed outdoors on the roof or tower. Coaxial or twinlead cables run from the antenna to the location where the television is located. One of the common cable types is the Tri-shield or quad-shield RG-6 cable. The cable is terminated on a television channel, usually an F connector mounted on the faceplate. If there are multiple outlets, an RF divider is used to divide the signal between them; outlets in the splitter connected to a television outlet in each location (living room, recreation room, bedroom, workspace, for example). RF separators have different types; some include amplifiers for some outlets.
While most TV outlets using F television connectors or digital set top boxes usually come with connectors known as Belling Lee so the cables used to connect from TV to TV outlets must have an F connector at one end and Belling Lee. Lee's connector on the other end.
Distribution of pay-TV through the home using the same type of cable used for Free to Air TV with several variations. The variations are:
- There is no antenna because there is a parabola or cable from the road.
- Cabling should be a quad RG-6 shield.
- You may need to use the cable and cable connectors approved by your pay-TV provider
- The Pay TV Show box must be installed on every television where you want to have access to Pay TV services.
In many cases, pay TV companies will supply and install satellite dish or cables from the road and cable to the TV set. In many cases, Pay TV service also requires a telephone point to access movies on demand.
IPTV is a television that is sent home through the Internet. Every device to see IPTV must have an internet connection. This may be a wired, or wireless connection.
Home theater
Pre-installation of home theater cables requires knowledge of the number of speakers to be installed.
- Two front speakers; one on the left of the screen and one on the right of the screen,
- One front speaker cable just above or below the middle of the screen
- Two rear speakers; one on the left and one right corresponding to the left and right speaker locations
- The sub-woofer can be anywhere in the room acoustically but should be relatively close to the amplifier's active equipment or surround sound receiver.
The speaker cable is the number of eight multi-strand copper cables. The cable for the sub-woofer is usually a single-shielded cable that terminates on the RCA connector. The 7.1 channel system also requires cables for speakers mounted between the front and rear speakers.
The simplest layout for a home theater system is a piece of furniture that contains all of one's AV equipment, which simplifies wiring. If, on the other hand, the front projection unit will be used, more thought should be given to the system layout. Several different cabling systems are commonly used for this application, including HDMI, DVI, and VGA.
Distribute audio
Distributed audio provides music throughout the house, where music sources are all centered. Room comes with speakers and controls to adjust the volume or source of music. A system may have central control or allow for off-site control.
Security monitoring
The security monitoring system (burglar alarm) contains basic components:
- Code pad
- Sirens and spotlights
- Motion detector
- Main panel
and may have additional components.
Cables for traditional equipment
Pad code The pad code is usually found inside the front door or other access door. The pad code is used to alert the system upon departure and disarm the system when logged in. The required cable is 6 multi-strand copper core cables.
Motion detector Motion detectors installed in locations all over the house are intrusions into detectable homes. The best way to think of this is, which is a room that has direct access from the outside, where I can place the detector to take on any disturbance. One solution is to place the motion sensors in every room, because this can be an expensive alternative is the place immediately outside in the common corridor to all rooms. The required cable is a 6-core multi core copper cable.
Main equipment The main equipment is usually installed in locations that are not easily accessible such as cabinets or sub-floor areas where in case of intrusion people can not easily find it and disturb the unit. The main unit requires a power point mounted next to it for main power. It also requires connections to the phone lines that serve the home so in situations where a back to base service is required that can be connected to a telephone line. For details on telephone connections, see the section titled "phone" in this article. Note that a security system connection to a telephone line requires a wiring configuration that allows the security system to disconnect all phones at home when it needs to connect to a monitoring center. This is very important, if the cabling is not correct, the system may not communicate back to the base when the intrusion is detected.
All cables from the code pad, sirens and strobe lights and motion detectors must be kept away from the main equipment. It is also recommended that wiring on each code pad, motion detector is the individual operation of the main equipment to the device. Having each device connected individually to the main equipment facilitates maintenance and allows for more effective monitoring.
Cable for IP-based systems
Like traditional equipment, IP-based systems require a minimum:
- Code pad
- Sirens and spotlights
- Motion detector
- Main tools
The difference here is the cabling to connect the main equipment is Cat 5 or Cat 6 and installed as part of home data cabling. See this article section entitled "Data network cable"
CCTV Security
It becomes more sought after in private homes as an additional level of security. The cable required to install a CCTV system is a data cable, see the section in this article titled "Network data cable". All you need to decide is where you want to install CCTV cameras and wherever you want the camera you need to install a data outlet. The locations where you install the camera will vary from house to house but they are usually installed so you can see anyone approaching any of the home entry areas.
The advantage of IP base systems is the flexibility to add devices at a later stage. That is you can connect to many of the locations you want and stop them in a data outlet near where you might plan to add the device at a later stage. Adding a device is as easy as plugging it into a wall outlet and configuring the device.
Automation
Automation refers to the ability to be able to control various devices at home from lights to curtains. The most common example of automation is called the lighting control system. The lighting control system should be installed by a qualified professional because cabling is only one element but without equipment and programming, you can not even turn on the lights. The cable required when installing the automation system can be divided into two parts:
- Electricity
- Data Bus
Electricity These are cables that are attached from the power switch to the installation of lights or other devices that the automation system will control. For example, if you have four lights in a room and you want to control each light separately, then each light will be transferred back using the power cord back to the electrical switchboard. This means you will have four power cables installed from the electrical switchboard to the location where the lamp fittings will be installed. Each cable will be the three active, neutral and earth power cables. If in that room you also have free standing lamps plugged into the power point and you also want to control this from your automation system, you must have a power point that is individually connected back to the electrical switchboard. So if you want to individually control every install of lights and every power point or electrical outlet then each of these devices should be individually transferred back to the electrical switchboard. As you can see this is starting to become quite a lot of power lines so planning is very important.
Note, when you use the automation system, there is no need to plug the power cord into the light switch. In a traditional electric installation without automation, the lights in a room will be reconnected to a lamp switch which will in turn be transferred back to a switchboard or similar arrangement, so keep reading.
Data Bus After you plug the power cord, you need to attach the data bus cable from the power switch to any location you want to have the light switch or the control panel installed (control panel like pad code on a security system or touch screen that gives you access to various control functions). The most common cable used for this is Category 5 cable. Cables can be mounted either in a daisy chain or a star cable configuration. The importance to minimize cable length to avoid communication problems in the bus. Energy management
Energy management is a new and upcoming topic especially at home. Older systems tend to be wired but all new systems use one of many wireless solutions. This allows them to be effectively installed in existing homes with minimal disruption.
If the cable system is selected the cable needs to be deployed to the main equipment at home. The cable is installed as part of the data cable per detail in this article in the section titled "Data Network Cable". In addition to cables attached to each main device you also need to install the data cable near the power meter.
The main tools considered at this stage are:
- Electric hot water system
- Air Conditioning
- Pool Pump
- Fridge/freezer
- Electric vehicle charger
- Battery energy storage system (BESS)
If a wireless system is selected, the need for such interference is removed. Smart plugs or switches can be used to connect the main equipment to the power supply and the home energy management system will wirelessly control it.
References
See also
- Power cord
- House automation
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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