Spark plugs and industrial sockets and multifase provide electrical connections rated at higher voltages and currents than household plugs and sockets. They are commonly used in polyphase systems, with high currents, or when protection from environmental hazards is required. Industrial outlets may have weatherproof cover, water-resistant arms, or may interlock with switches to prevent accidental accidental disconnection of the plugs. Some types of connectors are approved for hazardous areas such as coal mines or petrochemical plants, where flammable gases are present.
Almost all three-phase power plugs have earth connections (ground), but may not have neutral because the three phase loads such as motors do not require neutral. It has only four branches (earth, and three phases). Examples of sockets with neutrals are L21-30 (30 A A) and L21-20 (20 A A) both of which have five pins (earth, neutral, and X, Y, Z phases).
While some forms of plugs and electrical sockets are governed by international standards, the state may have different standards and regulations. For example, the color coded cables may not be the same as the main power outlet.
Video Industrial and multiphase power plugs and sockets
Concepts and terminology
Generally the plug is a movable connector attached to an electrically operated power supply cord, and the socket is mounted on the building's equipment or structure and connected to an electrically powered circuit. The plug has a protruding pin or, in US terminology, a slab (referred to as male ) that matches a suitable slot or hole (called female ) in the socket. The plug is defined in IEC 60050 as an accessory that has pins designed to connect with socket-outlet contacts, also including means for electrical connections and mechanical retention of cables or flexible cables, the connector does not contain components that modify the electrical output of the electrical inputs except where the switch or fuse is provided as a means to release output from the input). In this article, the term 'plug' is used in terms defined by IEC 60050. Sockets are designed to prevent exposure of contacts with bare energy.
To reduce the risk of users accidentally touching an energy-driven conductor and thus experiencing an electric shock, the system plug and socket often incorporate safety features in addition to a hidden slot or energy socket hole. This may include plugs with isolated sleeves, hidden sockets, sockets with window coverings, and sockets designed to accept only compatible plugs inserted in the correct orientation.
The terms plug are generally and technically used in all forms of English, common alternatives are power plug , power outlet , and (in the UK) < i> top up . The normal technical term (in English and International English) for AC power sockets is socket-outlets , but in general non-technical usage a number of other terms are used. In English English common terms are sockets, but there are many common alternatives, including power point , plug socket , outlet , and wall plug . In America the English recipients and outlet are common, sometimes with qualifications such as the electrical outlet and the electrical outlet and the container power , all of these can sometimes be found in the same document.
Electric sockets for industrial, commercial and domestic use generally provide two or more current carrier connections (live) to the supply conductors. These connections are classified as poles. The poles will be neutral or line connections
Neutral is usually very close to the earth's potential, usually earthed either on a distribution board or in a substation. Lines (also known as phase or hot , and generally, but technically wrong, because live ) carry a full supply voltage relative to neutral (and to earth).
A single phase socket is classified as two poles (2P) and provides a single line contact and a neutral contact. In addition, Ground in American terminology is usually, but not always, in this case sockets are classified as two poles and the earth (2P E).
Three phase sockets provide three line contacts, they can also include one or both neutral and protective earth contacts. The three contact names may vary. IEC standards use lines L1, L2 and L3. The NEMA standard uses the Phase X, Y, and Z designations.
Sockets intended for use with the American Distribution Phase distribution system may have two line and neutral contacts. In this case the designers of X and Y lines are used. They may also include protective earth contacts.
Maps Industrial and multiphase power plugs and sockets
Europe
System IEC 60309
In Europe, the most common ranges of heavy commercial and industrial connectors are made to IEC 60309 (formerly IEC 309) and various standards based on it (including BS 4343 and BS EN 60309-2). It is often referred to in the UK as CEE industry, CEEform or simply a CEE plug, or as a "Commando connector" (after the MK Commando brand name for this connector).
The maximum voltage rating of the IEC 60309 connector is 1000Ã,V DC or AC; maximum current rating is 800 A; and a maximum frequency of 500 Hz. Plugs are available in P N E (single unbalanced phase with neutral), 2P E (single phase balanced), 3P E (3 phase without neutral), and 3P N E (three neutral phases). Current rating available includes 16 A, 32 A, 63 A, 125 A and 200 A A
The voltage rating and other characteristics are represented by the color code (in the three-phase voltage sparks which are expressed are phase-phase voltages, not neutral phase voltages). The plugs have earth pins larger in diameter than others, and are located in different places depending on the voltage ratings, making it impossible to mate, for example, a blue plug with a yellow socket. Because the current ranking differences have different overall sizes, it is also not possible to combine different pin configurations or current ratings. For example, the 16 A 3P E 400Ã, V plug will not mate with the socket 16 A A 4P N E 400 V and the 16 A A N E 230 V plug will not mate with 32 A P N Socket E 230 V.
Yellow 2P E, blue P N E, yellow 3P E, red 3P E, and red 3P N E are by far the most common settings. Blue P N E sockets (generally 16 A, although 32 A A is becoming more common) are used as standard by UK and Danish campsites and yacht marinas to provide 240 V domestic power for tents, trailers, caravans and boats; they are also used elsewhere in Europe for the same purpose, although in some countries local domestic plugs are also widely used. Static caravans generally use the same 32 A version because of the requirements for electric cooking and electric heating equipment. Versions of P N E 16 A carrying 240 V are also used in their shopping centers and peripherals to drive "temporary" stalls that are not incorporated in the lock-up shop, also used in domestic parks in the UK to move garden equipment. , barbeque, and temporary lighting. The yellow version of 2P E 16 A that carries the 115 V is widely used on the London Underground rail system to drive temporary use of heavy duty fans; it is also frequently used by merchants in the UK, built into a portable transformer box powered from a standard 13 A 240 V power supply, to run heavy duty power tools designed to operate at 115Ã, V.
A small number of marinas provide single 230 V phase power through a three-phase red connector (breaking the relevant standards in the process). This ensures that only ships that have paid the required fees (and thus obtained the appropriate adapter cable) can use electricity.
For more details, see the main article of IEC 60309.
Entertainment industry
Across Europe, the general use of industrial power connectors is in the entertainment and broadcasting industry.
In this industry the IEC 60309 connector mentioned above is referred to as the CEEform (or only CEE) connector. Three phase (blue) and 400Ã, V three phase (red) connectors between 16 A and 125 A ratings are used.
Where more current carrying capacity is required, such as between gensets and distribution boards, VEAM Powerlocks or Cam-Loks can be used. This connector is a single pole so five is required to accommodate all three phases, neutral and ground. Powerlocks are rated at 400 A or 660 A at 1 kV. Cam-Lok E1016 Series rated 600Ã, V 400Ã, A.
Powerlocks identified with European color harmonization code, they are also described as follows:
- Ã, Ã, Chocolate, L1
- Ã, Ã, Black, L2
- Ã, Ã, Gray, L3
- Ã, Blue, N
- Green, Earth
Cam-Loks are also available in these colors.
Where it is necessary to run separate baits via multicable, the 19-pin Socapex connector is often encountered in theater and studio lighting rigs.
English : Lewden plug
Lewden plugs and plugs are waterproof sockets made by Lewden. The pin settings of smaller single-phase varieties are similar to those of BS 1363 and BS 546 sockets and plugs. These plugs and sockets will pair with normal plugs and sockets from the same pin settings but they are only water resistant when the Lewden plug is used in the Lewden socket and the screw ring is secured properly (the socket has a metal cover that is screwed to water resistance when not in use).
English: BS 196
In 1930, BS 196 standards for plugs and industrial sockets were introduced. Spark plugs are available in 5 A, 15 A and 30 A variants, with various configuration of keyways and pins to meet different voltages. The BSÃ jack, 196 has now been replaced by the BSÃ, 4343 (CEE type) connector in most modern applications.
Sweden Swedish, German and Dutch: Perilex Stoppers
The plug and socket of Perilex is a 5-pin 3-phase connector. This system provides 400Ã,® V 3P N PE and is in 16 A and 25 A versions. In Sweden, 16 A is generally used for stoves and to some extent for other heating devices in the kitchen.
Sweden Sweden: Semko 17 plugs
Semko 17 is a 3-4-pin 3-phase connector, with a (4-pin) or without (3-pin) neutral connector. Earth is provided through a shield. Connectors are available in various sizes, 16 A with rounded corners; 25 A and 63 A are rectangles. These connectors are used primarily in industrial and agricultural installations. Manufacturing and sales of Semko-17 connectors with metal shells were banned in 1989. Several years later the manufacture and sale of all Semko-17 connectors were banned. Existing connectors may be used but not by employees (prohibited by "ArbetsmiljÃÆ'¶verket"). The reason for the ban is that Semko-17 has some security issues. The soil joints can become oxidized and when the shell is made of metal, each fault of the soil enters the hands of a person connecting/removing the male and female cable connectors (except those wearing insulating gloves). The use of improper ground connectors as neutral is not uncommon. Probably the worst problem is that in some ground screw connectors it can rust very highly that the ground wire is loose and in the worst case make contact with the wire (phase) nearby.
Switzerland : SEV 1011
Swiss Standard SN SEVÃ, 1011: 2009 Spark plugs and sockets for household use and the like . defines a hierarchical system of spark plugs and sockets including single and triple phase connectors. The socket will receive plugs with the same number of pins or fewer and rank the same or lower. Single-phase single-socket fittings and plugs are described in AC plugs and power sockets
Socket type 15 and socket has 3 round pins 4 mm in diameter, plus 2 flat pins (for L2 and L3). It is designed for three-phase applications and rated at 10 A, 250Ã, V/400Ã, V. Sockets will also receive 11 and 12 plugs, and Europlug.
Type 25 plug and socket has 3 rectangular pins, 4 mm x 5 mm, plus 2 flat pins (for L2 and L3). It is designed for three-phase applications and rated at 16 A, 250Ã, V/400Ã, V. Sockets will receive 11, 12, 21, and 23 single phase plugs, Europlug, and type 15 and 23 three-phase plugs.
The Former Yugoslavia
This type of plug and three-phase socket is mainly used in households in the former. The Yugoslav states, their 5-pin 3-phase connector, are rated at 16A A, 380Ã, V. The 3-phase industrial connector is the same as the European IEC 60309.
North America
Pin and sleeve
In North America, there are two types of pin and arm products used:
NEMA
American pins and circular arm connectors are not compatible with the newer IEC 60309 type. Current ratings are 30, 60, 100, 200, and 400 A. All rated for voltages up to 250Ã, V DC or 600Ã, V AC. Contact settings are 2-4 pins. There are two styles depending on soil care. Style 1 is only in the shell. Style 2 uses one contact as well as a shell, internally connected together. They are not typed strongly for circuits and certain voltages because the IEC 309 is located. One insert rotation option is available to prevent mating of the same connector with different voltages.
The contact on the plug is a simple cylinder (arm), while the pin contact in the container has a spring setting to withstand the contact pressure, as opposed to the IEC 60309 type connector. All contacts are of the same diameter. Initially metal constructions were used, but now they are also made with plastic shells. Because only the lock on the shell connector is used, and because the keys can be damaged in industrial use, it is possible to mis-match the worn connectors.
IEC
The pin connector and connectors of IEC 60309 Series II (North America) have gained significant appeal in North America over the last 30 years. The current Series II rating is 20, 30, 60, 100, 200, 300, 350, 500 and 600 amp. The voltage rating goes up to 1000 V AC. It has replaced the American style for some time and is much more likely to be found in food processing, data centers, healthcare, entertainment, and other industries.
NEMA connector
NEMA devices are not exclusive industrial devices, and some are found in almost every building in the United States. The "industrial grade" connectors are built to meet or exceed the requirements of tighter, heavier and heavier industrial testing standards built to withstand damage from light commercial and commercial connectors of the same type. Industrial equipment can also be constructed into dust or waterproof. The NEMA cable device is made in the current rating of 15-60 A, and the voltage rating is from 125-600 V
There are two basic configuration plugs and a NEMA socket: straight blades and locking. The number that begins with L is the key-swivel, the other is a straight knife. Lock type connectors are mostly found in industrial applications and are not commonly used in light housing and commercial areas.
rotary-lock connector
The Twist-locking connector was first invented by Harvey Hubbell III in 1938 and Twist-Lock remains a registered trademark of Hubbell Incorporated to date, although this term tends to be used generally to refer to the NEMA twist lock connector made by any company. The rotary lock connectors all use a curved blade that has a shape corresponding to the circumference of the circle. After being pushed into an outlet, the plug is twisted and the pointed pin is now rotated into the socket. To remove the plug, the rotation is reversed. Lock clutches make a very reliable connection in commercial and industrial settings.
Like non-locked connectors, these come in a variety of standard configurations and follow the same common naming scheme except that they all start with L to lock . The connector family is designed so that the 120 V connectors, V 208/240 connectors, and other high voltage connectors can not be accidentally punctuated.
Stage pin connector
A pin stage connector (SPC), or grounded pin stage (GSP), is a connector used primarily in the theater industry for stage lighting applications in the United States. The stage pin connectors are commonly used to perform dimmer power from the dimmers to stage lighting instruments, although sometimes they can turn on other equipment.
The main advantage of the stage pin connector through the NEMA 5-15 connector (commonly known as Edison connector in the theater industry) is increased durability and resistance to damage due to its stronger construction and the ability to compensate for wear with pin splitter. Having different connectors designed for dimmable power also helps prevent the confusion of dim and non-dim circuits that can cause equipment damage. Even the smallest pin pin connectors are rated for 20 A, which translates to 2.4 kW at 120 V, compared with 15 A and 1.8 kW from NEMA 5-15. In applications where cables are on the floor, low profile connectors allow for connections that are only slightly higher than the cables they connect.
California Connector 50 A
In North America for the current moderate needs of the California A style connectors 50 are commonly used. It features a twist-lock design with full metal sleeves protecting the blades on male connectors and ground center spikes on female connectors to assist in centering.
California connectors are commonly used in outdoor events, shows and conventions and on construction sites. The connector got its name from being developed as a safer connector during the early days of Hollywood film studios in California. The first high-current connector used in the studio is a stage pin (also referred to as "spark plugs") used in cinemas, which are not grounded. The California plug, however, is based on an outer steel shroud. It also helps protect male contact pins from damage from constant cable withdrawal around a set throughout the day. The earthed shroud helps absorb the arc-flash if the connectors are plugged or unplugged when energized. Original paddle plugs are known for dangerous arc-blinking, especially in older DC-powered cinemas in the early years of electric stage lighting.
For example, a three phase plug that requires neutral connections can not be inserted into sockets that do not provide such connections. However, a plug that does not require a neutral connection can be inserted into a socket that provides such connections, although neutral connections will not be used in that situation.
For stage lighting use, the common connector is a 32-A 5-pin connector with a neutral pin. Unnecessary motor load using a neutral four-pin connector. Larger requirements may use a powerlock or camlock connector. In the IT industry, IEC 60309 systems are sometimes used.
Australia
In Australia, New Zealand and many other South Pacific island states, the US/NZ 3123 standard is used. In this series, some sizes of three-phase round sockets are standardized by current rating and neutral circuit. Each socket receives a plug to its rating, but does not include plugs with higher current values ​​or with neutral pins (if not on sockets). Spark plugs and multifase outlets are rated up to 500 V and all include earth connections. These plugs and sockets are usually assigned IP56 if installed properly. The collar screws help hold the plug and socket together.
In the AS/NZS 3112 standard, single-phase plugs of lower current values ​​may be incorporated into single-socket socket connectors from higher current ratings but not vice versa.
Compatibility is grouped like this, so a larger socket in a group can take the same plug or smaller plugs from that group only:
- One pin flat pin & amp; sockets (rating 250 V) - 10 A, 15 A, 20 A
- Single-phase plug 1 (round pin) & amp; socket (rating 250Ã, V) - 20 A
- Single-phase 2 plugs (round pins) & amp; socket (rating 250Ã, V) - 32 A
- Unique multiphase size 1 (rating 500Ã, V) - 16Ã, A (without neutral pins)
- Multifase size 1 (rating 500Ã, V) - 10 A, 20 A (all available with or without neutral)
- Multiphase size 2 (rating 500Ã, V) - 32Ã,A, 40Ã, A, 50Ã, A (all available with or without neutral)
There are also plugs and sockets wrapped in metal that rose to the rank 63 A, at a much higher cost.
In each size group, certain "lugs" on the outside of the plug with a higher rating prevent plugs rated for higher currents that are plugged into lower rated socket. However, plugs rated for lower currents can be plugged into socket outlets of the same size that are rated for higher currents. For example, a 4-pin 32-A plug without a neutral plug can be plugged into a neutral 5-pin 50-A socket available. But a 5-pin 10-A plug can not fit into a 5-pin 32-A socket, because the plugs have different diameters.
See also
- Domestic AC power socket and socket
- Isolated double
- Electricity
- Electric power
- Land and neutral
- Multiple ground protectors
References
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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