Nintendo Co., Ltd is a Japanese multinational consumer and video game company headquartered in Kyoto. Nintendo is one of the world's largest video game companies by market capitalization, creating some of the most famous and best-selling video game franchises, such as Mario , The Legend of Zelda , and > PokÃÆ' Â © mon . Founded on September 23, 1889 by Fusajiro Yamauchi, originally produced handmade hanafuda cards. In 1963, the company has tried several small businesses, such as taxi service and hotel love. Leaving previous venture support toys in the 1960s, Nintendo later developed into a video game company in the 1970s, eventually becoming one of the most influential in Japan's third most valuable industry and company with a market value of over $ 85 billion. From 1992 to 2016, Nintendo is also the majority shareholder for Seattle Mariners of Major League Baseball.
Video Nintendo
History
1889-1956: As a card company
Nintendo was founded as a playing card company by Fusajiro Yamauchi on September 23, 1889. Based in Kyoto, the business produced and marketed the Hanafuda card. Handmade cards soon became popular, and Yamauchi hired assistants to produce bulk cards to meet demand. In 1949, the company adopted the name Nintendo Karuta Co., Ltd., doing business as Nintendo Playing Card Co. outside Japan. Nintendo continues to produce playing cards in Japan and organizes its own contract bridge tournament called "Nintendo Cup". The word Nintendo can be translated as "leaving luck to heaven", or as "free hanafuda temple".
1956-1974: New business
In 1956, Hiroshi Yamauchi, grandson of Fusajiro Yamauchi, visited the US to speak with the US Play Card Company, the dominant playing card manufacturer there. He found that the world's largest playing card company only uses a small office. Yamauchi's realization that playing card business has limited potential is a turning point. He then obtained a license to use Disney characters on playing cards to drive sales.
In 1963, Yamauchi changed its name to Nintendo Playing Card Co. Ltd. become Nintendo Co., Ltd. The company then began experimenting in other business fields using newly injected capital over a period of time between 1963 and 1968. Nintendo set up a taxi company called Daiya . This business was initially successful. However, Nintendo was forced to sell it because of problems with unions making it too expensive to run the service. He also established a network of love hotels, TV networks, food companies (selling instant rice) and several other businesses. All of these efforts eventually failed, and after the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, card sales plummeted, and Nintendo's stock price plunged to a record low of ¥ 60.
In 1966, Nintendo moved into the Japanese toy industry with Ultra Hand, a sleeve that could be developed by its maintenance engineer Gunpei Yokoi in his spare time. Yokoi moved from maintenance to the new "Nintendo Games" department as a product developer. Nintendo continues to produce popular toys, including Ultra Machine, Love Tester, and lightweight rifle game series Kousenjuu. Despite several successful products, Nintendo is struggling to meet the fast development and manufacturing turnaround required in the toy market, and falls behind established companies like Bandai and Tomy. In 1973, the focus shifted to a family entertainment venue with the Laser Clay Shooting System, using the same light weapon technology used in the Nintendo Horse toy series, and was set up in abandoned bowling alleys. After some success, Nintendo developed several light weapon machines (such as the Wild Gunman sniper rifle ) for the arcade scene that appeared. While the Clay Shooting Laser System range should be closed after excessive costs, Nintendo has found a new market.
1974-1978: Early electronic era
Nintendo's first venture into the video game industry was securing the right to distribute the video game console Magnavox Odyssey in Japan in 1974. Nintendo began producing its own hardware in 1977, with the Color TV-Game video games console. Four versions of the console are produced, each including a variation of one game (for example, Color TV Game 6 featuring six versions of Light Tennis).
A student product developer named Shigeru Miyamoto is employed by Nintendo today. He works for Yokoi, and one of his first tasks is to design a casing for some Color TV-Game consoles. Miyamoto continues to create, direct, and produce some of Nintendo's most famous video games and become one of the most recognizable figures in the video game industry.
In 1975, Nintendo moved into the arcade video industry with EVR Race, designed by their first game designer, Genyo Takeda, and several other games followed. Nintendo had some minor successes with this effort, but the release of Donkey Kong in 1981, designed by Miyamoto, changed Nintendo's wealth dramatically. The success of the game and many licensing opportunities (such as the ports of Atari 2600, Intellivision and ColecoVision) gave Nintendo a big boost in profits and in addition, the game also introduced the initial iteration of Mario, later known in Japan as Jumpman, the company's final mascot.
1979-2003: Success with video game
In 1979, Gunpei Yokoi invented the idea of ​​a handheld video game, while watching a fellow commuter bullet train pass the time by interacting quietly with a portable LCD calculator, which spawned Game & amp; Watch . In 1980, Nintendo launched Game & amp; Watch - a handheld video game series developed by Yokoi. This system does not contain any replaceable cartridges and thus the hardware is tied to the game. Games & amp; Watch games, Ball , distributed worldwide. Modern D-pad "cross" design was developed in 1982, by Yokoi for the Donkey Kong version. Proven popular, patented by Nintendo design. This then gets Technology & amp; Emmy Award Engineering.
In 1983, Nintendo launched a family computer (colloquialized as "Famicom") home video game console in Japan, along with the most popular arcade game port. In 1985, a version of a cosmetically-engineered system known outside Japan as the Nintendo Entertainment System or NES, was launched in North America. The practice of merging systems together with preferred games helps make Super Mario Bros. one of the best-selling video games in history.
In 1988, Gunpei Yokoi and his team at Nintendo R & amp; D1 devised a new Game Boy game system, with the aim of combining two very successful ideas from Game & amp; Watch portability along with NES cartridge exchange. Nintendo released the Game Boy in Japan on April 21, 1989, and in North America on July 31, 1989. Nintendo of America Minoru Arakawa's president arranged an agreement to combine the popular third party game of Tetris with the Game Boy, launched as an instant success.
In 1989, Nintendo announced plans to release a replacement for Famicom, Super Famicom. Based on a 16-bit processor, Nintendo boasts superior graphics hardware, sound, and gameplay specification over the original 8-bit Famicom. The system is also said to have backwards compatibility with the Famicom game, though this feature was eventually cropped upon release. The Super Famicom finally released relatively late to the market in Japan on November 21, 1990, and was released as Super Nintendo Entertainment System (officially abbreviated as Super NES or SNES and generally abbreviated to Super Nintendo) in North America on August 23, 1991 and in Europe in 1992 Its main competitor is the 16-bit Mega Drive, known in North America as Genesis, which has been advertised aggressively against the nascent 8-bit NES. The console war between Sega and Nintendo occurred in the early 1990s. From 1990 to 1992, Nintendo opened the World of Nintendo store in the United States where consumers can test and purchase Nintendo products.
In August 1993, Nintendo announced the successor of SNES, code-named Project Reality. Featuring 64-bit graphics, the new system was developed as a joint venture between Nintendo and the North American Silicon technology company. The system was announced to be released in late 1995, but was later postponed. Meanwhile, Nintendo continues the Nintendo Entertainment System family with the release of NES-101, a redesign that is smaller than the original SEN. Nintendo also announced a CD drive device called the Super NES CD-ROM Adapter, co-developed by Sony under the name "Play Station" and later by Philips. Preparing a prototype and a joint announcement at the Consumer Electronics Show, it was on track for a 1994 release, but was controversially canceled.
During 1995, Nintendo announced it had sold one billion game cartridges worldwide, ten percent of them coming from the Mario franchise. Nintendo considers 1994 the "Year of Cartridge". To further their support for the cartridges, Nintendo announced that the Reality Project, which has now been renamed Ultra 64, will not use the CD format as expected, but would rather use cartridges as its primary media format. Nintendo IRD's general manager, Genyo Takeda, was impressed by the advancement of Rare video game development with real-time 3D graphics technology, using sophisticated Silicon Graphics workstations. As a result, Nintendo bought a 25% stake in the company, eventually expanding to 49%, and offered their character catalog to create CGI games, making Rare Nintendo's first western-based developer. Their first game as a partner with Nintendo is Donkey Kong Country . This game is very successful and sold more than eight million copies worldwide, making it the second best-selling game in the SNES library. In September 1994, Nintendo, along with six other video game giants including Sega, Electronic Arts, Atari, Acclaim, Philips, and 3DO approached the United States Senate and demanded a ranking system for the video game to be enacted, prompting the decision to create a Rating Board Entertainment Software.
Aiming to produce affordable virtual reality consoles, Nintendo released Virtual Boy in 1995, designed by Gunpei Yokoi. The console consists of a semi-portable system mounted on the head with a red screen for each user's eye, featuring a stereoscopic graph. The game is viewed through a binocular eyepiece and controlled using a taped gamepad. Critics are generally disappointed with the quality of games and red graphics, and complain of headaches caused by the game. The system was sold badly and quietly stopped. In the midst of system failure, Yokoi retired from Nintendo. During the same year, Nintendo launched Satellaview in Japan, a device for Super Famicom. This accessory allows the user to play video games through the broadcast over a period of time. Various games are made specifically for the platform, as well as various remakes.
In 1996, Nintendo released Ultra 64 as Nintendo 64 in Japan and North America. The console was later released in Europe and Australia in 1997. Nintendo 64 continues what has become a Nintendo tradition of hardware design that focuses less on high-performance specifications than on design innovations intended to inspire game development. With its market share slipping into Sega Saturn and its partner Sony PlayStation, Nintendo revitalized its brand by launching a $ 185 million marketing campaign centered around the "Hard Play" slogan. During the same year, Nintendo also released Game Boy Pocket in Japan, a smaller version of the Game Boy that generated more sales for the platform. On October 4, 1997, renowned developer Nintendo Gunpei Yokoi was killed in a car accident. In 1997, Nintendo released SNS-101 (called Super Famicom Jr. in Japan), a redesigned version smaller than the Super Nintendo Entertainment System.
In 1998, Game Boy's successor, Game Boy Color, was released. The system has improved the technical specifications that allow it to run games created specifically for systems and games released for Game Boy, albeit with additional colors. Game Boy Camera and Printer is also released as an accessory. In October 1998, Retro Studios was founded as an alliance between Nintendo and former founder of Iguana Entertainment, Jeff Spangenberg. Nintendo sees the opportunity for a new studio to create games for upcoming GamesCube targeting older demographics, in a similar vein to Iguana Entertainment's Turok success series for Nintendo 64.
In 2001, just three years later, Nintendo introduced the redesigned Game Boy Advance. That same year, Nintendo also released GameCube for a warm sale, and ultimately failed to regain the lost market share by Nintendo 64. When Yamauchi, president of the company since 1949, retired on May 24, 2002, Satoru Iwata succeeded as fourth president of Nintendo, becoming the first Nintendo president not associated with the Yamauchi family through blood or marriage since it was founded in 1889.
In 2003, Nintendo released Game Boy Advance SP, a Game Boy Advance redesign featuring clamshell designs that will be used in Nintendo DS and 3DS video game systems.
2004-2011: Nintendo DS and Wii
In 2004, Nintendo released the Nintendo DS, its fourth major handheld system. DS is a dual screened handheld that features touch-screen capabilities, which respond to either the stylus or the touch of a finger. The former president of Nintendo and now chairman Hiroshi Yamauchi has been translated by GameScience as an explanation, "If we can increase the scope of the industry, we can revive global markets and lift Japan from depression - it is Nintendo's mission." Regarding the warm GameCube sales that have resulted in the company's first reported operating loss in more than 100 years, Yamauchi continues: "DS is an important moment for Nintendo's success over the next two years.If successful, we ascend to heaven, if it fails, we sink into hell. "Thanks to games like Nintendogs and Mario Kart DS, the DS became a success. In 2005, Nintendo released Game Boy Micro in North America, a Game Boy Advance redesign. The last system in the line of the Game Boy, it's also the smallest Game Boy, and the least successful. In mid 2005, Nintendo opened the Nintendo World Store in New York City, which will sell Nintendo games, present the Nintendo history museum, and host public parties like product launches. The store was renovated and renamed Nintendo New York in 2016.
In the first half of 2006, Nintendo released the Nintendo DS Lite, the original Nintendo DS version with lighter weight, brighter screen, and better battery life. In addition to this sleek design, a subset of casual games are much more appealing to the masses, such as the Brain Age series. In the meantime, Super Mario Bros Baru. provided a substantial addition to the Mario series when it was launched to the top of the sales charts. The success of the Nintendo DS has had a major impact on the next Nintendo console (including the common Wi-Fi Nintendo connection), which has been codenamed "Revolution" and is now renamed "Wii". In August 2006, Nintendo published ES, an open source research operating system project that is currently inactive, designed around the integration of web applications but without any special purpose.
In the second half of 2006, Nintendo released the Wii as a compatible compatible router to the GameCube. Based on the complex Wii Remote motion control and balance board, the Wii inspires several new game franchises, some targeted at the new market segment of casual and fitness games. With over 100 million units, the Wii is the seventh generation bestseller console, regaining lost market share during the Nintendo 64 and GameCube tenors.
On May 1, 2007, Nintendo acquired 80% stake in video game developer Monolith Soft, previously owned by Bandai Namco. Monolith Soft is best known for developing role-playing games such as the Xenosaga series and Baten Kaitos.
During the 2008 holiday season, Nintendo followed up DS success with the release of Nintendo DSi in Japan. This system has a more powerful CPU and more RAM, two cameras, one facing the player and one facing out, and has an online distribution store called DSiWare. The DSi was later released worldwide during 2009. In the second half of 2009, Nintendo released the Nintendo DSi XL in Japan, a larger version of the DSi. The updated system was later released worldwide in 2010.
2011-2015: Nintendo 3DS and Wii U
In 2011, Nintendo released the Nintendo 3DS, based on stereoscopic 3D display without glasses. In February 2012, Nintendo acquired Mobiclip, a French-based research and development company specializing in highly optimized software technologies such as video compression. The company name was later changed to Nintendo European Research & amp; Development. During the fourth quarter of 2012, Nintendo released the Wii U. It sold slower than expected, though the first eighth generation console. In September 2013, however, sales have recovered. Intending to expand the 3DS market, Nintendo released the Nintendo 2DS cost-reduced 2013. 2DS is compatible with but lacks 3D features of the more expensive but more expensive autostereoscopic 3D. Nintendo also released Wii Mini, a cheaper and non-networked Wii redesign.
On September 25, 2013, Nintendo announced it had bought a 28% stake in a Panasonic spinoff company called PUX Corporation. The company specializes in face and voice recognition technology, with Nintendo intending to improve the usability of the game system of the future. Nintendo has also worked with this company in the past to create character recognition software for the Nintendo DS touchscreen. After announcing a 30% diving profit for the April to December 2013 period, president Satoru Iwata announced he would take a 50% salary cut, with other executives seeing a 20% -30% reduction.
In January 2015, Nintendo announced the release of the Brazilian market after four years of distributing the product in the country. Nintendo mentions high import duties and lack of local manufacturing operations as a reason to leave. Nintendo continues its partnership with Juegos de Video LatinoamÃÆ' Â © rica to distribute products throughout Latin America.
On July 11, 2015, Iwata died of a bile duct tumor at the age of 55 years. After his death, deputy managers Genyo Takeda and Shigeru Miyamoto jointly led the company until the appointment of Tatsumi Kimishima as Iwata's successor on September 16, 2015 In addition to Kimishima's appointment, the company's management organization was also restructured - Miyamoto named "Creative Associate" and Takeda named "Technology Associate ".
2015-present: Mobile Switch and Nintendo
On March 17, 2015, Nintendo announced a partnership with Japanese mobile developer DeNA to produce games for smart devices. The first, Miitomo , was released in March 2016.
On the same day, Nintendo announced the "special game platform with a new concept" with the codename "NX" which will be revealed further in 2016. Reggie Fils-Aimà ©  ©, president of Nintendo of America, calls NX "our next home console" in a June 2015 interview with The Wall Street Journal . In a later article from October 2015, The Wall Street Journal conveys speculation from an unnamed inner source that NX is intended to display "industry-leading" hardware specifications and can be used as both a home and a portable console. It was also reported that Nintendo has begun distributing software development tools (SDKs) to third-party developers, with unnamed sources further speculating that the movement suggested that the company be on track to introduce it in early 2016. On investors met on April 27 2016, Nintendo announced that NX will be released worldwide in March 2017. In an interview with Asahi Shimbun in May 2016, Kimishima stated that NX is a new concept that will not succeed 3DS or Wii U product line. At a shareholders meeting after E3 2016, Shigeru Miyamoto stated that the company chose not to bring NX during the conference because of fears that competitors could copy it if they revealed it too soon. On the same day, Kimishima also revealed during a Q & A session with investors that they are also researching virtual reality.
In May 2015, Universal Park & ​​amp; Resorts announced that it partnered with Nintendo to create a tourist attraction in a Universal theme park based on Nintendo properties. In May 2016, Nintendo also expressed a desire to enter the animated film market. In November 2016, it was stated that the area to be created at Universal Amusement Park is known as Super Nintendo World, which will be completed by 2020 at Universal Studios Japan at the Tokyo Olympics 2020, while Universal Orlando Resort and Universal Studios Hollywood will get themed areas within a date which is not specified after the Japanese version.
In July 2016, the company announced it would bring back the NES in the NES Classic Edition (called the Nintendo Classic Mini in Europe). The plug-and-play console will support HDMI, two-player mode, and has a controller similar to the original NES controller. The controller will be able to connect to the Wii Remote for use with Wii games and Wii U Virtual Console. NES Classic Edition comes with 30 pre-installed games, including Final Fantasy , Kid Icarus , The Legend of Zelda , Zelda II: The Adventure of Link , and Dr. Mario , among others. It was released in November 2016. Additional controllers are also available.
The July 2016 release of Niantic's Niyic's Poké game by Niantic caused Nintendo's share to double, due to investor misunderstanding that the software belonged to Nintendo. Later that month, Nintendo released a statement clarifying its relationship with Niantic, Nintendo claimed to own 32% of the intellectual property owners Poké Mon  © Poké Mon Company, and although it will receive multiple licenses and other revenue from the game it is expected to impact on the total Nintendo's revenues are limited. As a result of that statement, Nintendo's share price dropped substantially, losing 17% in a single day of trading. After the decline in stock prices from the top of Pokémon, the company still valued more than 100 times its net profit, the price-earnings ratio greatly exceeded the average on the Nikkei 225. Analysts spoke to Bloomberg LP and the < i> Financial Times both commented on the potential future value of Nintendo IP if transferred to the mobile gaming business.
In August 2016, Nintendo of America sold 90% of the controlling stake (55%) in the Seattle Mariners to a group of investors led by mobile phone businessman John Stanton for $ 640 million.
Following the announcement of the mobile game Super Mario Run in September 2016, Nintendo's shares jumped just below its recent high point after the release and success of Poké's  © mon Go earlier in year, something noted by journalists is even more important than Poké, such as Super Mario Run, developed in-house by Nintendo, which is not the case with the Poké  © mon Go . In a December 2016 interview prior to the release of Super Mario Run, Miyamoto explained that the company believes that with some of their game franchises, "the longer you keep making the series, the more complex the game becomes, and the harder it will be for new players to get into the series, "and that the company sees mobile games with simplified controls, like Super Mario Run , not only allowing them to" make the game playable to the widest audience ", but also re-introduce this property to new viewers and draw them to their console.
On October 20, 2016, Nintendo released a preview snapshot of NX, revealing the official name to be Nintendo Switch. According to Fils-AimÃÆ'Â ©, the console gives game developers new capabilities to bring their creative concepts to life by unlocking unlimited game concepts. In December 2016, Nintendo released Super Mario Run for iOS devices, with games exceeding 50 million downloads within a week of its release. Kimishima stated that Nintendo will release several mobile games every year since then.
In September 2017, Nintendo announced a partnership with Chinese game company Tencent to publish a global version of their commercially successful mobile game, Honor of Kings , for the Nintendo Switch. The announcement led some to believe that Nintendo could soon have a bigger footprint in China, the area where Switches are not for sale and largely dominated by Tencent. In November 2017, it was reported that Nintendo will work with Illumination Entertainment, the popular division of Universal Pictures with the Despicable Me franchise to create animated Mario movies. In April 2018, Nintendo announced that Kimishima would resign as president of the company in June, with Shuntaro Furukawa, managing executive officer and outside director of The Poké Mon Page, replacing it; waiting for approval from shareholders.
Maps Nintendo
Products
Home console
Color TV Games
Released in 1977, Japan's best-selling first-generation console was the Nintendo Color TV Game , with more than three million units sold.
Nintendo Entertainment System
The Nintendo Entertainment System is an 8-bit video game console, released in North America in 1985, and in Europe throughout 1986 and 1987. The console was originally released in Japan as the Family Computer (abbreviated as Famicom ) in 1983. The best-selling gaming console of its era, NES helped revitalize the US video game industry after a 1983 video game crash. With NES , Nintendo introduced a third-party licensed third-party licensed business model, giving them the authority to produce and distribute games for the Nintendo platform. NES is bundled with Super Mario Bros. , one of the best-selling video games of all time, and received the most famous arcade game port of Nintendo.
Nintendo also produces limited edition NES Classic Edition in 2016. NES Classic system is a special console model after NES with 30 first and third classic games from the NES library. At the end of its production in April 2017, Nintendo sent more than two million units.
Super Nintendo Entertainment System
The Super Nintendo Entertainment System (abbreviated as Super NES or SNES ) is a 16-bit video game console, released in North America in 1991, and in Europe in 1992. The console was originally released in Japan in 1990 as a Super Famicom , officially adopting a name abbreviated as its predecessor. The console introduced advanced graphics and voice capabilities compared to other consoles at the time. Soon, the development of various enhanced chips is integrated into every new game cartridge circuit board, developing SNES competitive advantage. While even the roughest three-dimensional graphics are rarely seen in the home console, the Super NES Super Chip chip suddenly enables new caliber of games featuring enhanced 3D imitation effects as seen in 1991 Pilotwings and 1992 Super Mario Kart . Argonaut Games developed the Super FX chip to replicate 3D graphics from their Atari ST and Amiga Starglider series on Super NES (more specifically, Starglider 2 ), starting with Star Fox in 1993. SNES is the best-selling console of the 16-bit era despite its relatively late start and intense competition from Sega's Mega Drive/Genesis console.
Nintendo also plans to release a limited edition Super NES Classic Edition in September 2017 until the end of this year. Like the NES Classic Edition, the Super NES Classic Edition is a special console with 21 innate games from its library, including unreleased Starfox 2 .
Nintendo 64
The Nintendo 64 was released in 1996, featuring the capability of rendering 3D polygons and built-in multiplayer models for up to four players. The system controller introduces an analog stick and then introduces the Rumble Pak, an accessory for the controller that generates force feedback with compatible games. Both are the first features to come to the market for home console games and eventually become the de facto industry standard . Announced in 1995, prior to the launch of the console in 1996, 64DD ("DD" stands for "Disk Drive") is designed to enable the development of a new genre of video games by way of 64-MB writeable magnetic disks, video editing, and Internet connectivity. Finally released only in Japan in 1999, the commercial failure of 64DD peripherals there resulted in only nine games being released and blocking further releases worldwide.
GameCube
GameCube (officially called Nintendo GameCube , abbreviated NGC in Japan and GCN in North America) was released in 2001 , in Japan and North America, and in 2002 worldwide. The sixth generation console is the successor of the Nintendo 64 and competes with Sony's PlayStation 2, Microsoft Xbox, and Sega's Dreamcast. The GameCube is the first Nintendo console to use optical discs as its primary storage media. The disk is similar to the miniDVD format, but the system is not designed to play standard DVDs or CDs. Nintendo introduced various connectivity options for GameCube. The GameCube game library has sparse support for Internet games, a feature that requires the use of Nintendo GameCube Broadband Adapter and Modem Adapter. GameCube supports connectivity to Game Boy Advance, allowing players to access exclusive features in-game using handhelds as both screens and controllers.
Wii
The Wii was released during the 2006 holiday season worldwide. The system has a Wii Remote controller, which can be used as a handheld pointing device and detects movement in three dimensions. Another prominent feature of the console is WiiConnect24, which allows it to receive messages and updates over the Internet while in idle mode. It also comes with a game download service, called "Virtual Console", which features games emulated from the previous system. Since its release, Wii has spawned many peripheral devices, including Wii Balance Board and Motion Plus, and has had several hardware revisions. The Wii Family Edition variant is identical to the original model, but is designed to sit horizontally and eliminate GameCube compatibility. The Wii Mini is a smaller, redesigned Wii that does not have GameCube compatibility, online connectivity, SD card slot and Wi-Fi support, and has only one USB port unlike the previous two models. On March 31, 2017, Nintendo reported sales of more than 100 million units of Wii sold, making it the best-selling Nintendo home video game console, with over 914 million games and other software for sale.
Wii U
The Wii U , Wii's successor, was released during the 2012 holiday season worldwide. Wii U is the first Nintendo console that supports high definition graphics. The ultimate Wii U controller is the Wii U GamePad, which features an embedded touch screen. Each game can be designed to use this touch screen in addition to the main TV, or as the only screen for Off-TV Play. The system supports most Wii controllers and accessories, and the more classic Wii U Pro Controller. This system is compatible with Wii software and accessories; This mode also uses a Wii based controller, and optionally offers the GamePad as the main Wii screen and motion sensor bar. The console has various online services supported by Nintendo Network, including: Nintendo eShop for online software and content distribution; and Miiverse, a social network that can be integrated in various ways with games and apps. As of March 31, 2017, worldwide Wii U sales have reached more than 12 million units, with over 84 million games and other software for sale.
Nintendo Switch
On March 17, 2015, Nintendo announced the "special game platform with a new concept" with the codename "NX" which will be revealed further in 2016. Reggie Fils-Aimà ©  ©, president of Nintendo of America, calls NX "our next home console "in a June 2015 interview with The Wall Street Journal . In a later article on October 16, 2015, The Wall Street Journal conveyed speculation from an unnamed inner source that, although the NX hardware specifications are unknown, it may be intended to display the "industry-leading" hardware specifications and includes both consoles and mobile units that can be used with the console or taken on the road for separate use. It was also reported that Nintendo has begun distributing software development tools (SDKs) to NX to third-party developers, with anonymous sources who further speculate that the move "[shows that] the company is on track to introduce [NX] as early as possible. 2016]. "At an investor meeting on April 27, 2016, Nintendo announced that NX will be released worldwide in March 2017. In an interview with Asahi Shimbun in May 2016, Kimishima referred to NX as" both Wii U and 3DS successors " into a "new way to play games," but it will "slow down Wii U sales" once it's disclosed and disseminated. In June 2016, Miyamoto stated that the reason Nintendo has not released any information about "NX" until then is because they are afraid of the impersonators, saying he and Nintendo think other companies can copy "an idea that [they] work on." On the same day, Kimishima revealed during a Q & A session with investors that they are also researching virtual reality. On October 19, 2016, Nintendo announced it would release a trailer for the console the next day. The next day, Nintendo launched a trailer that revealed the final name of a platform called Nintendo Switch. As of April 2017, more than 18 million Switch units have been sold worldwide.
The handheld console
Games & amp; Watch
Games & amp; Watch is a line of handheld electronic games manufactured by Nintendo from 1980 to 1991. Made by game designer Gunpei Yokoi, respectively Game & amp; Watch a single game feature to play on an LCD screen other than a clock, an alarm, or both. This is Nintendo's earliest product to garner huge success.
Game Boy
After the success of Game & amp; Watch series, Yokoi developed the Game Boy handheld game console, released in 1989. Finally becoming the best-selling handheld of all time, Game Boy has remained dominant for over a decade, seeing very popular games and commercials like Pokémon Mon Yellow were released in late 1998 in Japan, 1999 in North America, and 2000 in Europe. Additional updates of the Game Boy, including Game Boy Light and Game Boy Color, slightly altered the original formula, although the latter introduced the graph colors to the Game Boy line.
The first major update to its handset since 1989, Game Boy Advance features better technical specifications similar to SNES. The Game Boy Advance SP is the first revision for the GBA line and introduces screen illumination and clam shell design, while the next iteration, Game Boy Micro, carries a smaller form. factor.
Nintendo DS
Although originally advertised as an alternative to Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS replaced the Game Boy line after its initial release in 2004. It was typical for dual screens and microphones, as well as touch sensitive down screens. The Nintendo DS Lite carries a smaller form factor while Nintendo DSi features a larger screen and two cameras, and is followed by a larger model, Nintendo DSi XL , with a 90% larger screen. Nintendo 3DS
Further extending the Nintendo DS line, Nintendo 3DS uses the autostereoscopy process to produce a stereoscopic three-dimensional effect without glasses. Released to key markets during 2011, the 3DS got off to a slow start, initially missing out on many prominent features promised before the system was launched. Partly as a result of slow sales, Nintendo's shares declined in value. Subsequent price cuts and game releases help boost sales of 3DS and 3DS software and renew investor confidence in the company. In August 2013, 3DS is the best-selling console in the United States for four consecutive months. The Nintendo 3DS XL was introduced in August 2012 and included a 90% larger screen, 4 GB SD card and extended battery life. In August 2013, Nintendo announced a fee-reduced Nintendo 2DS , a 3DS version without a 3D screen. It has a slate-like design that goes against the hinged clamshell design of its predecessor.
The revised hardware, New Nintendo 3DS , was launched in August 2014. It was produced in a larger standard-sized model and XL model; both models have enhanced processors and additional RAM, eye tracking sensors to enhance 3D autostereoscopic image stability, colored face buttons, and near-field communications support for genuine use of Amiibo products. The standard-sized model also features a slightly larger screen, and support for faceplate accessories.
Company structure
Marketing
Nintendo of America has been involved in several high profile marketing campaigns to determine and position its brand. One of the earliest and most enduring slogans is "Now you play with power!", The first used to promote its Nintendo Entertainment System. It modified the slogan to include "SUPER power" for Super Nintendo Entertainment System, and "PORTABLE power" for Game Boy. Its 1994 "Play It Hard!" campaigns are played out against teenage rebellions and foster a tense reputation. During the Nintendo 64 era, the slogan was "Get N or get out." During the GameCube era, "Who Are You?" suggest the relationship between the game and the player's identity. The company is promoting the Nintendo DS handheld device with the tagline "Touching Good." For Wii, they use the "Wii want to play" slogan to promote the console with those who try the game including Super Mario Galaxy and Super Paper Mario. Nintendo 3DS uses the slogan "Look inside". Wii U uses the slogan "How U will play next." Nintendo Switch uses the slogan "Switch and Play" in North America, and "Play anywhere, anytime, with anyone" in Europe.
Board of directors
Representative Director
- Tatsumi Kimishima, President
- Shigeru Miyamoto, Creative Partner
Board of Directors
- Shinya Takahashi, Managing Executive Officer, General Manager of Nintendo Entertainment Planning & amp; Development, Supervisor Business & Administration Development Division Development & amp; Support Division
- Shuntaro Furukawa, Managing Executive Officer, is awaiting the President's decision
- Ko Shiota, Senior Executive Officer, General Manager of Nintendo Platform Technology Development
Outside Director
- Naoki Noguchi, Member of Audit and Supervisory Committee
- Naoki Mizutani, Member of Audit and Supervisory Committee
- Yoshimi Mitamura, Member of Audit and Supervisory Committee
- Katsuhiro Umeyama, Member of Audit and Supervisory Committee
Executive Officer
Senior Executive Officer
- Shigeyuki Takahashi, General Manager of Financial Administration Division, Superintendent of General Affairs Division
- Satoshi Yamato, General Manager of Marketing Division, Responsible for Advertising Department
- Susumu Tanaka, General Manager of Licensing Division
- Hirokazu Shinshi, General Manager of the Manufacturing Division
Executive Officers
- Satoru Shibata, President of Nintendo Europe
- Reggie Fils-Aimà ©  ©, President and COO of Nintendo of America
Division
Nintendo's internal research and development operations are divided into three major divisions: Nintendo Entertainment Planning & amp; Development (or EPD), Nintendo's main software development division, which focuses on game development and video software; Nintendo Platform Technology Development (or PTD), which focuses on developing handheld video game hardware and home consoles; and Nintendo Business Development (or NBD), which focuses on refining business strategy and being responsible for overseeing the smart business device arm.
Planning & amp; Entertainment Development (EPD)
Nintendo Entertainment Planning & amp; The development division is the main software development division at Nintendo, formed as a merger between the previous Entertainment Analysis & amp; Software Development & Planning & amp; Development division by 2015. Led by Shinya Takahashi, this division has the largest staff concentration in the company, accommodating more than 800 engineers and designers. This division is mainly located in the center of Kyoto R & amp; D building, where they are watched by Katsuya Eguchi, and also has a studio in Tokyo supervised by Yoshiaki Koizumi.
Technology Development Platform (PTD)
The Nintendo Platform Technology Development Division is a combination of Nintendo's former Integrated Research & amp; Development (or IRD) and System Development (or SDD) divisions. Led by Ko Shiota, this division is responsible for designing hardware and developing Nintendo's operating system, developer environment and internal networking as well as Nintendo Network maintenance.
Business Development (NBD)
The Nintendo Business Development Division was formed following Nintendo's development into software development for smart devices such as mobile phones and tablets. They are responsible for refining Nintendo's business model for a dedicated video game system business, and for furthering Nintendo's efforts into the development of smart devices.
International division
Nintendo of America
The North American subsidiary of Nintendo is headquartered in Redmond, Washington. Initially, the American headquarters handles sales, marketing, and advertising. However, the office in Redwood City, California now directs these functions. The company maintains a distribution center in Atlanta (Nintendo Atlanta) and North Bend, Washington (Nintendo North Bend). Nintendo North Bend's 380,000 square foot facility (35,000 m 2 ) processes more than 20,000 daily orders to Nintendo customers, which include retail stores that sell Nintendo products in addition to consumers who shop the Nintendo web site. Nintendo of America also operates two retail stores in the United States, Nintendo New York at Rockefeller Plaza, New York City, which is open to the public, and Nintendo Redmond , - NOA in Redmond, Washington, which is open only to Nintendo employees and invited guests. The Nintendo branch of Canadian America, Nintendo Canada is based in Vancouver, British Columbia with a distribution center in Toronto, Ontario. The Nintendo of America localization team, nicknamed the Treehouse, comprises about eighty staff, responsible for translating texts from Japanese into English, creating video and marketing plans, and ensuring that Nintendo games are released in polished state.
Nintendo of Europe
The European subsidiary of Nintendo was established in June 1990, based in GroÃÆ'Ÿostheim, close to Frankfurt, Germany. The company handles operations in Europe and South Africa. The Nintendo of Europe's United Kingdom branch handles operations in the country and in Ireland from its headquarters in Windsor, Berkshire. In June 2014, NOE commenced the reduction and consolidation process, resulting in 130 joint dismissals: the closing of offices and warehouses, and the cessation of all work, at GroÃÆ'Ÿostheim; and consolidate all of the operations into, and terminate some work at, its Frankfurt location.
Nintendo Australia
The Australian subsidiary of Nintendon is based in Melbourne, Victoria. It handles the publishing, distribution, sales and marketing of Nintendo products in Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania (Cook Islands, Fiji, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, and Vanuatu). It also produces some local Wii games. Nintendo Australia is also a third party distributor of games from Rising Star Games, Bandai Namco Entertainment, Atlus, The Tetris Company, Sega, Koei Tecmo and Capcom.
iQue
The Chinese joint venture between its founders, Wei Yen, and Nintendo, manufactures and distributes Nintendo's official consoles and games for the mainland Chinese market, under the iQue brand. The product range for the Chinese market is very different from other markets. For example, the only Nintendo console in China is the iQue Player, a modified version of the Nintendo 64. The company has not released a more modern GameCube or Wii to the market, although the Nintendo 3DS XL version was released in 2012. 2013, it is a 100% Nintendo subsidiary.
Nintendo Korea
The subsidiary of South Korea Korea was established on July 7, 2006. In March 2016, the subsidiary was downsized due to corporate restructuring after analyzing the current market shift, cutting 80% of its employees, leaving only ten people, including CEO Hiroyuki Fukuda. It does not affect any games scheduled for release in South Korea, and Nintendo continues its operations there as usual.
Subsidiaries
Although most Research & amp; Development is underway in Japan, there are several R & D facilities in the United States and Europe that focus on developing software and hardware technologies used in Nintendo products. Although they are all Nintendo subsidiaries (and therefore the first party), they are often referred to as external resources when involved in the development process along with the Nintendo internal developers by the Japanese involved. This can be seen in various interviews "Iwata asks...". Nintendo Software Technology (NST) and Nintendo Technology Development (NTD) are located in Redmond, Washington, USA, while Nintendo European Research & amp; Development ( NERD ) is located in Paris, France, and Nintendo Network Service Database (NSD) located in Kyoto, Japan.
Most external first-party software development is done in Japan, because the only overseas subsidiary is Retro Studios in the United States. Although these studios are all Nintendo subsidiaries, they are often referred to as external resources when involved in the development process along with Nintendo's internal developers by Nintendo Entertainment Planning & Development Division (EPD). 1-UP Studio and Nd Cube are located in Tokyo, Japan, while Monolith Soft has one studio located in Tokyo and another in Kyoto. Retro Studios is located in Austin, Texas.
Nintendo also founded The Pokék © Company along with Creatures and Game Freak to effectively manage the Pokémon brand. Similarly, Warpstar Inc. formed through joint investment with HAL Laboratories, responsible for Kirby: Right Back at Ya! animated series.
Logos
Policy
Content guidelines
Over the years, Nintendo has a strict content guidance policy for video games published on its console. Although Nintendo allows graphic violence in video games released in Japan, nudity and sexuality are strictly prohibited. Former Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi believes that if companies allow the licensing of pornographic games, corporate image will be forever tarnished. Nintendo of America goes further in games released for the Nintendo console can not display nudity, sexuality, indecent words (including racism, sexism or humiliation), blood, graphic violence or household, drugs, political messages or symbols religious (with the exception of people who are not widely aware of religion, such as the Greek Pantheon). The Japanese parent company is concerned that it can be seen as a "Japanese invasion" by forcing the Japanese community standards on North American and European children. Despite rigorous guidance, some exceptions have occurred: Bionic Command (though swastikas are removed in US version), Smash TV and Golgo 13: Top Secret Episodes contains human violence, the latter also contains implied sexuality and use of tobacco; River City Ransom and Taboo: The Sixth Sense contains nudity, and the latter also contains religious images, as did Castlevania II and III
The known side effects of this policy are the Genesis version of Mortal Kombat that sells more than double the number of Super NES versions, especially since Nintendo has forced Acclaim's publishers to re-color the red blood to look like white sweat and replacing some of the bleeding graphics in its game release, making it less rough. Instead, Sega let his blood and blood remain in the Genesis version (even though the code needed to unlock the horror). Nintendo allows the Super NES version of Mortal Kombat II to send uncensored the next year with content alerts on its packaging.
In 1994 and 2003, when the video game rating system ESRB and PEGI (respectively) were introduced, Nintendo chose to remove most of these policies for consumers to make their own choices about the content of the games they play. Currently, changes to game content are mainly performed by game developers or, sometimes, at the request of Nintendo. The only clear rule is that the AO-rated ESRB game will not be licensed on the Nintendo console in North America, a practice that is also upheld by Sony and Microsoft, the two biggest competitors in the market today. Nintendo has since allowed some adult-content games to be published on its console, including: Perfect Dark , Bad Fur Day Conker , Doom and Doom 64 , BMX XXX , series Resident Evil , Killer7 , Mortal Kombat series, < i> Eternal Darkness: Sanity's Requiem , BloodRayne , Geist , Dementium: The Ward , Bayonetta 2 , Devil's Third and Fatal Frame: Maiden of Black Water . However, there are certain games that continue to be modified. For example, Konami is forced to remove all references to cigarettes in the Game Boy Color game Metal Gear Solid (though the previous NES version of Metal Gear and the next GameCube game Metal Gear Solid : The Twin Snakes both include such references, as do the Wii games MadWorld ), and the defects and blood have been removed from the Nintendo 64 Cruis' n USA port. Another example is in the Game Boy Advance Mega Man Zero 3 game, in which one of the bosses, called Hellbat Schilt in Japanese and European releases, is named Devilbat Schilt in North American localization. In North America the release of the game Mega Man Zero , enemies and bosses who were killed with saber attacks will not flood the blood like they did in the Japanese version. However, the Wii release comes with a number of more controversial games, such as Manhunt 2 , No More Heroes , The House of the Dead: Overkill , and MadWorld , the latter three of which are exclusively published for the console. License guidelines
Nintendo of America also has a guide before 1993 to be followed by its licensors to create games for Nintendo Entertainment System, in addition to the above content guidelines. Guidelines are applied via a 10NES locking chip.
- Licenses are not allowed to release the same game for competing consoles for up to two years.
- Nintendo will decide how many cartridges will be supplied to the licensees.
- Nintendo will decide how much space will be dedicated to articles, ads, etc. in Nintendo Power magazine.
- There is a minimum number of cartridges to be ordered by the licensee of Nintendo.
- There is an annual limit of five games that licensees can generate for the Nintendo console. This rule was created to prevent market saturation, which has caused the North American video game crash of 1983.
The last rule is broken in several ways; for example, Konami, who wanted to produce more games for the Nintendo console, formed Ultra Games and then Palcom to produce more games as technically different publishers. This is detrimental to smaller or emerging companies, as they can not afford to start additional companies. In other side effects, Square Co (Square Enix) executives have stated that the price of publishing games on Nintendo 64 along with Nintendo's level of censorship and control over the game, especially Final Fantasy VI, is factor in shifting its focus to the Sony PlayStation console.
In 1993, a class action suit was taken against Nintendo under allegations that their lockout chip allowed unfair business practices. The case is resolved, provided that Californian consumers are entitled to a $ 3 discount coupon for Nintendo's preferred game.
Emulation
Nintendo opposes third-party emulation of video games and consoles, stating that it is the biggest threat to the intellectual property rights of video game developers. However, emulators have been used by Nintendo and licensed third-party companies as a means to re-release old games, with Virtual Console, which re-releases classic games as downloadable titles, and with special consoles like Mini NES and SNES Mini.
Quality Seal
The golden sunburst seal was first used by Nintendo of America, and later Nintendo from Europe. These are displayed on any licensed game, system, or accessory for use in any of the video games consoles, which indicate that the game has been approved by Nintendo. The seal is also displayed on any Nintendo licensed product, such as a trading card, game guide or clothing, even with the words "Legacy of Nintendo Licensed Products".
In 2008, game designer Sid Meier cites Seal of Quality as one of the three most important innovations in video game history, as it helps set standards for game quality that protects consumers from shovelware.
NTSC Region
In the NTSC region, this seal is an elliptical starfish called "Official Nintendo Seal". Initially, for the NTSC countries, the seal was a large round star, black and gold. The seal reads as follows: "This seal is your guarantee that NINTENDO has approved and guaranteed the quality of this product." The seal was later changed in 1988: "approved and guaranteed" changed to "evaluated and approved." In 1989, the seal became gold and white, as it now appears, with a brief phrase, "Official Nintendo Seal of Quality." It was changed in 2003 to read the "Official Nintendo Seal."
This seal currently reads:
The official seal is your guarantee that this product is licensed or manufactured by Nintendo. Always look for this seal when purchasing video game systems, accessories, games, and related products.
PAL Region
In the PAL region, the seal is a circular starburst named "Original Nintendo Seal of Quality." Text near the seal in the Wii Australia's manual state:
This seal is your guarantee that Nintendo has reviewed this product and meets our standards for excellence in terms of workmanship, reliability, and entertainment value. Always look for this seal when purchasing games and accessories to ensure complete compatibility with your Nintendo products.
Charity project
Since 1992 Nintendo has been working with Starlight Children's Foundation to build the Starlight Fun Center mobile entertainment unit and install it in the hospital. 1,000 units of the Starlight Nintendo Fun Center were installed in late 1995. These units incorporate some form of multimedia entertainment, including games, and serve as a diversion to brighten up moods and improve the morale of children during hospital stay.
Environmental recordings
Nintendo has consistently ranked last in Greenpeace's "Guide to Greener Electronics" because of Nintendo's failure to publish information. Likewise, they are ranked last in the "Conflict Mineral Resource Company Determination Project" due to Nintendo's refusal to respond to multiple requests for information.
Like many other electronics companies, Nintendo offers a recycling program that allows customers to post old products that they no longer use. Nintendo of America claims that it takes 548 tons of products returned in 2011, 98% of which are reused or recycled.
Trademark
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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