Pinocchio is an American 1940 animated musical animation film produced by Walt Disney Productions and based on the Italian children's novel The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi. It was the second animated feature film produced by Disney, created after the success of the Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937).
The plot of this film involves an old woodcarver named Geppetto who carved a wooden puppet named Pinocchio. The doll is enlivened by a blue elf, who tells her that she can be a true boy if she proves herself "brave, honest, and unselfish." Pinocchio's attempts to be a real boy involve encountering a number of unpleasant characters. The film was adapted by Aurelius Battaglia, William Cottrell, Otto Englander, Erdman Penner, Joseph Sabo, Ted Sears, and Webb Smith from Collodi's book. Production is supervised by Ben Sharpsteen and Hamilton Luske, and the sequence is directed by Norman Ferguson, T. Hee, Wilfred Jackson, Jack Kinney, and Bill Roberts. Pinocchio is a remarkable achievement in the field of animation effects, giving realistic movements for vehicles, engines and natural elements such as rain, lightning, smoke, shadows and water. The film was released to theaters by RKO Radio Pictures on February 7, 1940.
Critical analysis Pinocchio identifies it as a simple moral story that teaches children the benefits of hard work and middle-class values. Although it became the first animated feature to win a competitive Academy Award - winning two for Best Music, Original Score and for Best Music, Original Song for "When You Wish Upon a Star" - was originally a box office disaster. This eventually resulted in profits in 1945, and is considered one of the greatest animated films ever made, with a rare 100% rating on the Rotten Tomatoes website. Movies and characters are still prevalent in popular culture, featuring in various Disney parks and in other forms of entertainment. In 1994, Pinocchio was added to the US National Film Registry because it was "culturally, historically, or aesthetically."
Video Pinocchio (1940 film)
Plot
Jiminy Cricket explains that he will tell a story of a hope that comes true. The story begins in the workshop of a carpenter named Geppetto. Jiminy saw Geppetto finish working on a wooden puppet he named Pinocchio. Before falling asleep, Geppetto makes hope on the star that Pinocchio becomes a true boy. At night, the Blue Fairy visited the garage and brought Pinocchio alive, though he was still a puppet. He tells him that if he proves himself to be brave, honest, and unselfish, he will be a real boy, and assign Jiminy to be his conscience.
Geppetto finds that his wish has come true, and is filled with joy. However, on the way to school, Pinocchio was deceived by Honest John the Fox and his colleague, Gideon the Cat, who convinced him to join the Stromboli puppet show, though Jiminy objected. Pinocchio became the star attraction of Stromboli as a marionette that can sing and dance without rope. However, when Pinocchio wanted to go home for the night, Stromboli locked it with a birdcage. Jiminy arrives to see Pinocchio, and can not release him. The Blue Fairy appears, and asks Pinocchio why he is not at school. Jiminy urges Pinocchio to tell the truth, but instead he starts lying, which causes his nose to grow longer and longer. Pinocchio promises to be good from now on, and the Blue Fairy returns his nose to his original form and frees him, warning him that this will be the last time he can help him.
Meanwhile, across the city, Honestly John and Gideon meet with a coachman who promises to pay them money if they can find a mischievous boy to take him to the Pleasure Island. Experiencing Pinocchio on the way home, they assured him that he needed to take a vacation there. On the way to Pleasure Island, he befriended Lampwick, a naughty boy. Without the rules or authority to enforce their activities, Pinocchio and the other boys immediately engaged in tobacco smoking, gambling, vandalism, and drunkenness, which made Jiminy anxious. Then, while trying to get home, Jiminy discovered that the island was hiding a terrible curse: the children brought to Pleasure Island turned into donkeys and sold into slave labor. Jiminy ran back to warn Pinocchio, only to discover that Lampwick had turned into a donkey; Pinocchio managed to escape, only partially changed.
After returning home, Pinocchio and Jiminy found the workshop empty. They immediately got a letter from the pigeon blue fairy, stating that Geppetto had been trying to find Pinocchio, but was swallowed by a giant sperm whale named Monstro, and now lives in his stomach. Determined to save his father, Pinocchio jumps into the sea with Jiminy. Pinocchio was soon swallowed by Monstro as well, where he reunited with Geppetto. Pinocchio planned a scheme to make Monstro sneeze, giving them a chance to escape. The scheme worked, but the angry whale chased after them, and destroyed their rafts. Pinocchio pulled Geppetto to a safe place in the cave before Monstro bumped into him. Geppetto and Jiminy drift safely on the beach, but Pinokio is killed.
Back home, the group mourned Pinocchio. The Blue Fairy, however, decides that Pinocchio has proved himself brave, honest, and unselfish, that he is reborn as a true human child, and everyone celebrates it. Jiminy stepped out to thank Fairy, and was rewarded with a pure gold badge that validated him as an official conscience.
Maps Pinocchio (1940 film)
Cast
- Dickie Jones as Pinocchio, a wooden doll carved by Geppetto, and turned into a live doll by the Blue Fairy.
- Jones also gave Alexander the voice, a boy turned into a donkey.
- Edwards Cliff as Jiminy Cricket, a cheerful and wise cricket, acting as Pinocchio's "conscience", and a partial narrator of the story.
- Christian Rub as Mister Geppetto, a fine and old woodcarver, who created Pinocchio, and hopes he becomes a true boy.
- Figaro the cat and Cleo carp are pet Geppetto. Figaro is a spoiled cat who tends to be jealous. Cleo is a flimsy little gold fish with a habit of being Figaro's adviser.
- Walter Catlett as "Honest" John Worthington Foulfellow, an anthropomorphic red fox who played Pinocchio twice in the movie.
- Gideon the Cat, silent cat Honest, cunning, and anthropomorphic. He was originally intended to be voiced by Mel Blanc of Looney Tunes fame (in his second work for Disney until his last job on Framed Roger Rabbit ), but the filmmakers removed the dialogue from a script that supported a mute performance (eg Harpo Marx) like Dopey in the Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. However, Gideon's hiccups were given by Blanc.
- Charles Judels as Stromboli, the maker of a large bearded, malevolent Italian doll that forces Pinocchio to perform onstage to make money. He spoke with an Italian accent, and cursed in Italy when he was angry, even though he was identified as a gypsy. He is the only film character to be part of the official Disney Villains lineup.
- The judges also voiced the cunning and sadistic Coachman, owner and operator of Fun Island, who likes to turn mischievous boys into donkeys.
- Evelyn Venable as The Blue Fairy, who revives Pinocchio, and turns him into a real boy at the end of the movie.
- Frankie Darro as Lampwick, a naughty boy who befriended Pinocchio on his way to Pleasure Island. He turned into a donkey on the Island of Pleasure.
Production
Development
In September 1937, during the production of the Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, animator Norman Ferguson brought a translated version of the Italian children's novel Carlo Collodi 1883, The Adventures of Pinocchio to the attention of Walt Disney. After reading the book, "Walt bombarded with enthusiasm," as Ferguson later recalled. Pinocchio is meant to be the third studio movie, after Bambi . However, due to difficulties with Bambi (adapting the story and animating animals realistically), it is delayed and Pinocchio is moved forward in production.
Writing and designing
Unlike Snow White, which is a short story that writers can develop and experiment, Pinocchio is based on a novel with a very fixed story. Therefore, his story undergoes a drastic change before it reaches its final incarnation. In his original novel, Pinocchio is a cold, rough, ungrateful, inhuman creature who often exorcises sympathy and only learns from his lessons with brutal torture. The authors decided to modernize the character and describe it similar to Edgar Bergen's Charlie McCarthy, but as rough as the doll in the book. The story is still being developed in the early stages of animation.
The initial scene made by Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston shows that Pinocchio's design is exactly like a real wooden doll with long pointed noses, peaked caps, and bare wooden hands. Walt Disney, however, was not happy with the work being done on the film. He feels that no one can really sympathize with such characters and call for immediate production cessation. Fred Moore redesigned his character a bit to make it more interesting but his design still retains the wooden nuances. Young and upcoming animator Milt Kahl feels that Thomas, Johnston and Moore "are somewhat obsessed with the idea that this boy is a wooden doll" and feel that they should "forget that he is a doll and get a cute boy; wood and make it a wooden doll afterwards ". Hamilton Luske suggested to Kahl that he should show his confidence by making a test sequence. Kahl shows Disney a test scene where Pinocchio is underwater looking for his father. From this scene Kahl re-imagines the character by making it look more like a real boy, with a Tyrolean child cap and a standard cartoon character with four fingers (or three and thumbs) hands with Mickey Mouse type gloves on them. The only part of Pinocchio that still looks more or less like a doll is its arms, legs, and small wooden nose. Disney embraced the Kahl scene and immediately urged writers to develop Pinocchio into a more innocent, naive, slightly embarrassed personality that reflects Kahl's design.
However, Disney discovered that the new Pinocchio is too weak and too often misled by deceptive characters. Therefore, in the summer of 1938 Disney and his story team formed the character of cricket. Initially the cricket was just a small character that Pinocchio killed by squeezing it with a hammer and then returning as a ghost. Disney nicknamed Jiminy's cricket, and made him a character who would try Pinocchio's lead into the right decision. Once the character is expanded, he is portrayed as realistic cricket with toothed legs and waving antennae, but Disney wants something more fun. Ward Kimball has spent several months inspiring the "Order of Soup" in Snow White, which was cut from the film for pacing reasons. Kimball will stop until Disney rewards him for his work by promoting it to animators who watch Jiminy Cricket. Kimball conjured up a design for Jiminy Cricket, which he described as a small man with an egg's head and without ears. "The only thing that made it cricket was because we called him one," Kimball then joked.
Casting
Due to the great success of Snow White , Walt Disney wants more famous voices for Pinocchio , which marks the first time an animated film uses celebrities as a voice actor. He cast the popular singer Cliff Edwards, also known as "Ukelele Ike", as Jiminy Cricket. Disney rejected the idea of ​​playing Pinocchio's adult and insisted that the character was voiced by a real child. She plays the twelve-year-old actor Dickie Jones, who was previously in Frank Capra . Smith Going to Washington . He also cast Frankie Darro as Lampwick, Walter Catlett as Foulfellow the Fox, Evelyn Venable as Blue Fairy, Charles Judels as the Evil Stromboli and Coachman, as well as Christian Rub as Geppetto, whose design is even a caricature of Rub.
Another recruited voice actor is Mel Blanc, who is best remembered for voicing many characters in Warner Bros. cartoons. Blanc was hired to do the Gideon the Cat sound. However, it was finally decided that Gideon would be mute, so all the Blanc's recorded dialogue was later removed except for solitary hiccups, which sounded three times in the finished film.
Animation
Animation began in September 1938. During the film production, the character model department was led by Joe Grant, whose department was responsible for building a three-dimensional clay model of the characters in the film, known as maquettes. These models are then given to the staff to observe how the characters should be drawn from every angle desired by the artist. The model makers also built the working model of Geppetto cuckoo clocks, as well as the Stromboli gobos and the Coachman coaches. However, due to the difficulty of moving realistic moving vehicles, artists filmed maquettes on a miniature set using stop motion animation. Then each frame of animation is moved to animated cels using the original version of Xerox. The cels are then painted on the back and overlayed over the background image with the cels of the characters to make a complete shot on the rostrum camera. Like Snow White, a live-action recording was taken for Pinocchio with an actor playing a scene in a pantomime, supervised by Hamilton Luske. Instead of searching, which will result in rigid unnatural movements, the animators use the tape as a guide to animation by studying human movements and then incorporating some poses into the animation (albeit slightly exaggerated).
Pinocchio is a great achievement in the field of animation effects. Unlike the animator characters that concentrate on the acting of the characters, the animator effects create everything that moves in addition to the characters. These include vehicles, engines and natural effects such as rain, lightning, snow, smoke, shadow and water, as well as fantasy or science fiction effects like Fairy Dust. The influential abstract animator Oskar Fischinger, who works mainly at Fantasia contributes to the animated effects of Blue Fairy's stick. Animator effects Sandy Strother keeps a diary about the effects of water for a year, including splashes, ripples, bubbles, waves and illusions underwater. To help provide the depth of the ocean, the animator inserts more detail into the waves on the surface of the water in the foreground, and puts it in less detail as the surface moves further back. Once the animation is traced to the cels, the animator will track it once again with a blue and black pencil pointing to give the waves a sculptured look. To save time and money, sparks remain impressionistic. These techniques enable Pinocchio to be one of the first animated films to have a very realistic animation effect. Ollie Johnston commented, "I think it is one of the best things a studio has ever done, as Frank [Thomas] says, 'Water looks so real that someone can sink in it, and they do it.'"
Soundtrack
The songs in Pinocchio were composed by Leigh Harline with lyrics by Ned Washington. Leigh Harline and Paul J. Smith compiled an incidental musical score. The soundtrack was first released on February 9, 1940. Jiminy Cricket's song, "When You Wish Upon A Star", became a big hit and is still identified with the movie, and later as the theme song of The Walt Disney Company itself. Soundtrack won the Academy Award for Best Original Score.
Themes
M. Keith Booker considers this film to be the simplest Disney animation film of Disney animated films, despite the theme song and its magic, and notes that the protagonist of the film must work to prove its worth, which he says appears "deeper in line with the ethos of capitalism" of most Disney movies. Claudia Mitchell and Jacqueline Reid-Walsh believe that male protagonists from films such as Pinocchio and Bambi (1942) were deliberately created by Disney to appeal to boys and girls. Mark I. Pinsky says that it is "a simple morality tale - warning and schematic - ideal for moral instruction, except for some darker moments", and notes that this movie is a favorite of young people's parents.
Nicolas Sammond argues that the film is "an appropriate metaphor for the metaphysics of child care in mid-century America" ​​and that the film "is basically an assimilationist tale". He regarded it as Disney's central film and the most powerful middle class, intended to convey a pampering message in "working-class pleasures, vaudeville, or pool and amusement parks, causing life as a beast of burden." For Sammond, Pinocchio's goal is to help convey to the children the "middle class of a deferred gratification, self-denial, austerity, and persistence, naturalized as the experience of most Americans".
Reception
Initial release
Pinocchio goes to discharge along with generally positive reviews. Frank S. Nugent of The New York Times gave this movie five out of five stars, saying "Pinocchio is finally here, every fine as we pray will be - if not better - and that it is a gay and clever fantasy and fun like well behaved children or tired parents can expect to see it. " Time gave a positive review movie, saying" In the workmanship and the delicacy of drawing and coloring, in the articulation of dozens of characters, in the greater variety and depth of the effects of photography, is the height of the standard set of Snow White. The charm, humor and loving care used to treat lifeless characters put him in a class by himself. "The film won the Academy Awards for Best Original Song and Best Original Score, the first Disney movie to win.
Initially, Pinocchio was not box-office success. Box office is back from the initial release of his second film under Snow White's unprecedented success and below studio expectations. From the $ 2.289 million negative cost of the film - twice the cost of Snow White - Disney only earned $ 1 million at the end of 1940, with studio reports from the original box office ending up between $ 1.4 million and $ 1.9 million. The animated historian Michael Barrier noted that Pinocchio restored less than a million rent in September 1940, and in his first public annual report, Walt Disney Productions charged a $ 1 million loss for the film. The barrier relates that the 1947 balance sheet Pinocchio recorded total admissions to the studio $ 1,423,046,78. This was largely due to the fact that World War II and its aftermath had cut off European and Asian markets overseas, and inhibited the international success of Pinocchio and other Disney releases during the early and mid 1940s. Joe Grant remembers Walt Disney "very, very depressed" about Pinocchio's early recovery at the box office. The RKO distributor recorded a $ 94,000 loss for the film from worldwide rentals of $ 3,238,000.
Modern acclaim
Many film historians regard this as the most approaching film to the technical perfection of all the Disney animation features. Film critic Leonard Maltin said, "with Pinocchio , Disney not only reaches the peak of its power, but also the culmination of what many critics consider the field of animated cartoons." Despite his early struggles at the box office, a series of reissues in the years after World War II proved more successful, and allowed the film to make a profit. In 1973, the film earned $ 13 million from the initial release of 1940 and four reissues; further reprints in subsequent years have brought Pinocchio s gross lifetime to $ 84.3 million in the US and the Canadian box office.
In 1994, Pinocchio was added to the US National Film Registry deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically." Filmmaker Terry Gilliam chose it as one of the top ten animated films of all time in an 2001 article written for The Guardian and in 2005, Time named it one of the top 100 the best movies from the last 80 years, and then in June 2011 named it the best animated film "Animated Movie Throughout the 25 Best of All Time".
In June 2008, the American Film Institute revealed "Ten Big Ten" - the top ten films in ten genres of American "classic" movies - after polling more than 1,500 people from the creative community. Pinocchio is recognized as the second best movie in the animation genre, after Snow White . It was nominated for 100 AFI Years... 100 Movies, and received further nominations for their Thrills and Heroes and Villains (Stromboli) list. The song "When You Wish Upon A Star" was ranked 7th in their 100 Songs list, and the film was ranked 38th in the list of 100 Cheers. Quote "A lie keeps growing and growing up as soft as the nose on your face" is nominated for the Movie Quotes list, and the film receives a further nomination in AFI's Largest Movie Music list.
On Rotten Tomatoes, a website that collects movie reviews, this film has the highest ranking of 100% website, meaning every one of 45 movie reviews, from contemporary reviews to modern reassessment, on this site is positive with an average rating of 9.1 of 10. The general consensus of the film on this site "Ambitionary, adventurous, and sometimes scary, Pinocchio arguably represents the culmination of the collected Disney works - it's beautifully made and emotionally resonant."
Reissue and home media
With the re-release of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs in 1944 came the tradition of re-releasing Disney movies every seven to ten years. Pinocchio was re-released theatrically in 1945, 1954, 1962, 1971, 1978, 1984, and 1992. RKO handled the first two publications in 1945 and 1954, while Disney itself republished the film from 1962 to the Buena Vista Distribution division.
In 1985, it was released on VHS in North America for the first time and in UK VHS in 1988 for the first time. The 1992 re-issue was digitally restored by cleaning and removing scratches from the original negative one frame at a time, eliminating the soundtrack distortion, and revitalizing the colors.
A more comprehensive digital restoration made for the 1992 reissue was released on VHS in 1993, followed by the fourth VHS release and first release at Disney DVD in 1999. The second Disney DVD release and final edition in VHS format aired as part of the collection VHS/DVD Classic Walt Disney Gold on March 7, 2000. The VHS/DVD Gold Classic release returned to the Disney Vault on January 31, 2002.
The special edition of VHS and DVD movies was released in the UK on March 3, 2003. The fourth DVD release and first Blu-ray Disc release (the second Blu-ray in the Walt Disney Platinum Editions series) was released in March. The Blu-ray Blu-ray package Pinocchio displays a new restoration by Lowry Digital in a two-disc Blu-ray set, with a bonus DVD version movies are also included. This set goes back to Disney Vault on April 30, 2011. Signature Edition was released on Digital HD on January 10, 2017 and followed by Blu-ray/DVD combo package on January 31, 2017.
Legacy
In 1987, Filmation released the "thinly veiled" animated sequel to Pinocchio , titled Pinocchio and Night Emperor . Set a year after Pinocchio became a real boy, the film received negative reviews mainly from critics and was a commercial failure. Disney sued the Filmasi for copyright infringement, but the Filmation won the lawsuit on the grounds that Collodi's work is in the public domain.
Many of the characters Pinocchio ' are characters that can be found in Disney parks. Pinocchio's Daring Journey is a popular rides at Disneyland, Tokyo Disneyland, and Disneyland Park in Paris. Pinocchio Village Haus is a quick service restaurant at Walt Disney World serving pizza and macaroni and cheese. There are similar fast-food restaurants in Disneyland parks in Anaheim and Paris too, with almost the same name.
Disney on Ice, starring Pinocchio , went on an international tour from 1987 to 1992. A short version of the story is also featured in the current production of Disney on Ice "One Hundred Years Of Magic".
In addition to Sega Genesis/Mega Drive games, Game Boy, and SNES based on animated films, Geppetto and Pinocchio also appear as characters in the Kingdom Hearts game. The inside of Monstro is also featured as one of the worlds. Jiminy Cricket appears as well, acting as a recorder, making game progress journals in Kingdom Hearts, Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories, and Kingdom Hearts II The home world of Pinocchio is scheduled to appear in Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days , but was eliminated due to time restrictions, though speculation from Pinocchio, Geppetto, Honest John and Gideon has been revealed. As compensation, the world appears in Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance , under the name "Prankster's Paradise", with the world version of Dream of Pinocchio, Jiminy Cricket, Geppetto, Cleo, Monstro and Blue Fairy.
Followup planned
Canceled order
In the mid-2000s, DisneyToon Studios began development on the sequel Pinocchio . Robert Reece co-authored the screenplay, which saw Pinocchio on a "strange trip" for something he loved. "This is a story that leads Pinocchio to ask why life is sometimes unfair," Reece said. John Lasseter canceled Pinocchio II immediately after being appointed Chief Creative Officer of Walt Disney Animation Studios in 2006.
Live action movie
On April 8, 2015 Deadline reported that Disney was developing a live action film based on Pinocchio animation, with Peter Hedges penning the script. In May 2017, Sam Mendes was in talks to direct the film from Chris Weitz's script. Six months later, it was announced that Mendes was no longer directing the film. In February 2018, it was reported that Paul King was chosen to direct the movie with Jack Thorne rewriting his script.
See also
- 1940 in the movie
- List of American films in 1940
- List of Walt Disney Pictures
- List of Disney theatrical animation features
- List of feature movies animated 1940s
- List of top-selling animated movies
- List of Disney animated movies based on fairy tales
- List of movies with 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, movie review collecting website
References
Bibliography
External links
- Official website
- Pinocchio in AllMovie
- Pinocchio in The Big Cartoon DataBase
- Pinocchio on IMDb
- Pinocchio in the TCM Movie Database
- Pinocchio at Rotten Tomatoes
- Pinocchio in Mojo Box Office
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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