Gatlinburg is a mountain resort town in Sevier County, Tennessee, United States. It lies 39 miles (63 km) southeast of Knoxville and has a population of 3,944 at the 2010 Census and the US Census 4,163 population estimate by 2017. It is a popular holiday resort, as it is located on the border of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park along US Route 441, connecting to Cherokee, North Carolina, on the southeast side of the national park.
Video Gatlinburg, Tennessee
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For centuries, Cherokee hunters, as well as Native hunters of America before Cherokee, used a trail known as the Indian Gap Trail to access the abundant game in the woods and coves of the Smokies. This trail connects the Great Indian Warpath with Rutherford Indian Trace, following the modern West Fork of the Little Pigeon River from Sevierville via the modern Pigeon Forge, Gatlinburg and Sugarlands, across the top of the Smokies along the slopes of Mount Collins, and down into North Carolina along the banks of the Oconaluftee. US-441 mostly follows the same route today, though it is the epitome of the Newfound Gap than the Indian Gap.
Although early 19th-century European and American hunters and feather trappers may pass or camp in the flat where Gatlinburg is now located, Edgefield, South Carolina, William Ogle (1751-1803) who first decided to settle permanently in the area.. With the help of Cherokee, Ogle cut, cut, and put logs in the flat, planning to set up the cabin the following year. He returned home to Edgefield to take his family and grow one last harvest for supplies. However, shortly after his arrival at Edgefield, the malaria epidemic hit the low country, and Ogle succumbed to the disease in 1803. His widow, Martha Huskey Ogle (1756-1827), moved the family to Virginia, where he had relatives. Around 1806, Martha Huskey Ogle traveled through the Indian Gap Trail to what is now Gatlinburg with his brothers Peter Huskey, his daughter Rebecca and husband of his daughter, James McCarter. William Ogle's logs await them, and they set up a cabin near the meeting of Baskins Creek and the West Fork of the Little Pigeon shortly after their arrival. The cabin still stands today near the heart of Gatlinburg. James and Rebecca McCarter settled in the Cartertown district of Gatlinburg.
In the decade after the arrival of Ogles, McCarters, and Huskeys in what came to be known as the White Oak Flats, a steady stream of settlers moved into the area. Most were veterans of the American Revolution or the 1812 War that had altered the 50-acre (200,000 m 2 ) tractate they had received for war service into action. Among these early settlers were Timothy Reagan (c. 1750-1830), John Ownby, Jr. (1791-1857), and Henry Bohanon (1760-1842). Their descendants still live in the region today.
Radford Gatlin and Civil War
In 1856, a post office was established at the Radford Gatlin general store (c 1798-1880), giving the city the name "Gatlinburg." Despite the fact that the city was wearing its name, Gatlin, who had not arrived in the flat until around 1854, was constantly quarreling with his neighbors. In 1857, a large-scale dispute erupted between Gatlins and Ogles, possibly because of Gatlin's attempts to divert the city's main road. The US Civil War night found Gatlin, who became a Confederate sympathizer, against the residents of flats, who were mostly pro-Union, and he was forced out in 1859.
Despite anti-slavery sentiments, Gatlinburg, like most Smoky Mountain communities, tries to stay neutral during the war. This changed when a company from the Confederate Legion of Colonel William Holland Thomas occupied the city to protect the peter salt mine in Alum Cave, near the Tennessee-North Carolina border. The federal troops marched south from Knoxville and Sevierville to drive out Thomas's army, which built a small fort at Burg Hill. Lucinda Oakley Ogle, whose grandfather watched the next battle, then recounted his grandfather's memories:
... he told me when he was a sixteen-year-old during the Civil War and would hide under a huge cliff at the Nest Ridge Turkey and watch the Blue Coats ride their horses around the graves, firing their cannons to Burg Hill where Gray Coats owns a castle and will be riding their horses around Burg Hill...
When Union forces gathered in the city, the number of defeated Confederate members was forced to retreat across the Smokies to North Carolina. The Confederate forces did not return, although sporadic small attacks continued until the end of the war.
The beginning of the 20th century
In the 1880s, discovery of band saw and railroads caused an explosion in the wood industry. When forests throughout the Southeastern United States are harvested, timber companies push deeper into the mountainous areas of the Appalachian highlands. In 1901, Colonel W.B. Townsend founded the Little River Lumber Company at Tuckaleechee Cove in the west, and the timber interests began to purchase extensive logging rights in the Smokies.
Andrew Jackson Huff (1878-1949), originally from Greene County, is an important figure in Gatlinburg today. Huff set up a sawmill in Gatlinburg in 1900, and locals began to supplement their income by providing lodging for loggers and other timber company officials. Tourists also began to flock to the area, attracted to the Smokies by writings of writers like Mary Noailles Murfree and Horace Kephart, who write extensively about the natural wonders of this region.
In 1912, the female fraternity of Pi Beta Phi established a settlement school (now Arrowmont Arts and Crafts School) in Gatlinburg after a survey in the region found that the city most needed educational facilities in the area. Although skeptical local citizens initially worried that the brotherhood might be religious or opportunist propagandists, school enrollment grew from 33 to 134 in the first year of its operation. Together with providing basic education for children in the area, the school staff creates a small market for local handicrafts.
Journal and letter of the residential school staff Pi Beta Phi is a valuable source of information about everyday life in Gatlinburg in the early 1900s. Phyllis Higinbotham, a Toronto nurse who worked for the school for six years, wrote about the mountain people's confusion about the role of the nurse, their passion for calling him for minor problems, and his difficulties with Appalachian customs:
I soon discovered that people were not accustomed to haste, and it took a long time waiting for patients and general conversations to find out what they really wanted, or to get a case history while visiting. I had to get used to getting most of the female symptoms from her husband, and not having heart failure when a messenger came with the news that this and that was "bad", "almost dead", or "fever."
Higinbotham complains that there is an unhealthy "lack of variety" in the diet of the mountain people and that they are not open to new suggestions. Food is often "too starchy," "not cooked well," and comes with certain advantages:
One of the doctors was called into several cases of honey poisoning. The men robbed some bee-bombs, ate a pound or two of each and passed out where they stood.
Evelyn Bishop, a Pi Beta Phi who arrived at school in 1913, reported that the relative isolation of mountain peoples from American society enabled them to retain folklore that reflected their English and Scottish-Irish descent, such as Elizabeth's ballads.
Many times it is a ballad that the child learns first, there is no familiar Mother's Swan melody, and it is strange to listen to a little singing of old age, knights and 'madam' and perhaps a tragic death. from the lover.
The isolation attracted folklorists like Cecil Sharp from London to the area in the years following World War I. Sharp's collection of Appalachian ballads was published in 1932.
National park
Extensive logging in the early 1900s led to increased calls by conservationists for federal action, and in 1911, Congress passed the Sunday Act to allow the purchase of land for national forests. Authors such as Horace Kephart and the Knoxville regional business began advocating for the establishment of a national park in the Smokies that would be similar to Yellowstone or Yosemite in the Western United States. With the purchase of 76,000 acres (310Ã, km 2 ) at the Little River Lumber Company channel in 1926, the movement quickly became a reality.
Andrew Huff spearheaded the movement in the Gatlinburg area, and he opened the first hotel in Gatlinburg - Mountain View Hotel - in 1916. His son, Jack, founded LeConte Lodge in Mount Le Conte in 1926. Despite the refusal of loggers in Elkmont and difficulties with Tennessee legislature, Great Smoky Mountains National Park opened in 1934.
The park changed Gatlinburg radically. When Pi Beta Phis arrived in 1912, Gatlinburg was a small hamlet with six houses, a blacksmith shop, a general store, a Baptist church, and a community of more than 600 people, most of whom lived in log cabins. In 1934, the first year of the park opened, an estimated 40,000 visitors passed through the city. Within a year, this number has increased exponentially to 500,000. From 1940 to 1950, the cost of land in Gatlinburg increased from $ 50 to $ 8,000 per acre.
While the advent of the park benefits Gatlinburg and makes many rich city dwellers, tourism explosions cause problems with air quality and urban sprawl. Even in modern times, urban infrastructure is often pushed to the limits on peak holiday days and must consistently adapt to accommodate the growing number of tourists.
Fire 1992
On the night of July 14, 1992, Gatlinburg gained national attention when the entire city block was burned out due to a broken wire in the lamp. The Ripley's Believe It or Not! museum consumed by fire, along with arcade, haunted house, and souvenir shop. The fire stopped before it could take the Gatlinburg Space Needle across 32 floors. Known locals as "Rebel Corner," the block was completely rebuilt and reopened for visitors in 1995. Several artifacts from the Ripley's Museum were rescued, and the survivors were clearly marked by that designation in the new museum. The fire spawned a new city center building code and a new downtown fire station. Ripley's has been burned twice since it reopened, once in 2000 and again in 2003. Both fires, by accident, were caused by a broken lamp. The fire of 2000 did not cause any damage, and the 2003 fire was contained in the exterior of the building, with the museum suffering minimal damage, especially cosmetics.
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Beginning in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in Chimney Tops, a considerable forest fire was aggravated by a very strong wind - with gusts recorded up to 87 miles per hour - and a very dry condition due to drought, causing it to spread to Gatlinburg, Pigeon Forge, Pittman Center, and other nearby areas. This forced a mass evacuation, and Governor Bill Haslam ordered the National Guard to the area. The Gatlinburg tourist district district escaped heavy damage, but the surrounding forest area was called "doomsday" by fire lieutenants. About 14,000 people were evacuated that night, more than 2,400 buildings were damaged or destroyed, and damages totaling more than $ 500 million. Fourteen lives lost in fires, some locals and some tourists visiting.
After the fire, Gatlinburg closed down and was considered a crime scene. The city reopened to residents only after a few days but maintained a tight curfew for more than a week, only reopened to the public after curfew was lifted. Two teenagers, 17 and 15, were arrested in December 2016 for starting an initial fire at Chimney Tops that swept through Gatlinburg. In June 2017, Sevier County district attorneys lifted charges against two teenagers because of the inability to prove their actions caused the devastation that took place in Gatlinburg five days later. According to D.A. James Dunn in the official statement, other factors play a key role, especially the wind:
But for winds that reach speeds of over 80 miles per hour, it is highly unlikely and unlikely that the Chimney Tops II fire will leave the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and reach Gatlinburg.
In May 2018, two Gatlinburg residents filed a $ 14.8 million suit against the federal government for personal damages suffered.
Registered historical sites
- First Methodist Church, Gatlinburg: Designed by Charles I. Barber in the late Gothic Awakening style.
- The District Community Community Settlement District: Phi Beta Pi established a residential school in the area in 1912. Parts of this designated historic district include Jennie Nicol Health Clinic, Arrow Shop, Ogle Cabin, Pond in the Creek, and Fair Grounds and School Playground Craftsman. The Settlement School Dormitoryies and Dwellings Historic District consist of Helmick House (Teacher's Cottage), Stuart Hostel, Ruth Barrett Smith Staff House, Old Wood Studio, chicken coop, and inventory warehouse.
Maps Gatlinburg, Tennessee
Geography
According to the US Census Bureau, the city has a total area of ​​10.1 square miles (26 km 2 ), all of which are land. Surrounded on all sides by high mountains, with Le Conte and Sugarland Mountain massif going south, Cove Mountain to the west, Big Ridge to the northeast, and Grapeyard Ridge to the east. The main watershed is the West Fork of the Little Pigeon River, which flows from its source on the slopes of Mount Collins to the intersection with Little Pigeon in Sevierville.
The US 441 route is the main traffic artery in Gatlinburg, which passes through the city center from north to south. Further along 441, Pigeon Forge is about 6 miles (9.7 km) to the north, and Great Smoky Mountains National Park (ie Sugarlands) about 2 miles (3.2 km) to the south. TN-73 (Little River Road) cut from 441 in Sugarlands and headed west about 25 miles (40 km), connecting Gatlinburg area with Townsend and Blount County. The US 321 route enters Gatlinburg from Pigeon Forge and Wears Valley north before turning east and connecting the city to Newport and Cosby.
Climate
Demographics
In the 2010 census, Gatlinburg had 3,944 people, 1,681 households, and 1,019 families living in the city with 5,825 available housing units. City's racial makeup is 85.3 percent White, 0.6 percent African American, 0.4 percent American Indian/Alaskan Native, 2.8 percent Asian, 0 percent Pacific Island, 8.9 percent of other races, and 1.9 percent of two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race accounted for 15 percent of the population.
Of the 1,681 households, 22.8 percent have children under the age of 18 who live in it, 44.1 percent are married couples who live together, 10.1 percent have a female husband without a husband, 6.5 percent have a man Households without a wife's presence, and 39.4 percent are not families. Individuals alone account for 29.4 percent of non-family households, and 11.3 percent of those living alone aged 65 or over. The average household size is 2.33, and the average family size is 2.8.
The city population comprised 18.5 percent of individuals under the age of 20, 5.9 percent from 20 to 24, 25.9 percent from 25 to 44, 31.2 percent from 45 to 64, and 18.5 percent at age 65 or more. The median age was 44.7 years. The ratio of men to women is almost equal to 1.02: 1 (1,990 men to 1954 women). For adult individuals 18 or older, the ratio of men and women is also very close to 1.03: 1 (1.671 males for 1.628 females).
According to data in the Estimates of the US Community Survey 5-2020-2016 conducted by the US Census Bureau for Gatlinburg, the average household income is estimated at $ 36.445, with an estimated average family income of $ 42.903. For individuals employed full-time, men have an average income of $ 30,159 compared to $ 24,528 for women. The per capita income for the city is $ 24,423, and 15 percent of the population and 5.8 percent of families have income levels below the poverty line. 13.8 percent of those under the age of 18 and 8.3 percent of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.
Since July 1, 2017, the estimated population of Gatlinburg 2017 has increased to 4,163.
Economy
Tourism
Bordered by the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Gatlinburg is an important tourist destination in Tennessee, with many man-made attractions. Ober Gatlinburg is the only ski resort in the state. It has eight ski trails, three chair lifts, and a wildlife encounter area and is accessible via roads and gondolas from the city strip. The Gatlinburg Trolley, a publicly funded public transport system, caters to regional travelers.
Gatlinburg SkyLift takes visitors up 1,800 feet to the top of Crockett Mountain, and the Gatlinburg Space Needle provides a 360 degree view of the Smoky Mountains from the 407-foot observation tower. The attractions include a glass lift, an educational exhibit on the history of Gatlinburg, a two-story arcade, and unique performances and performances at the Iris Theater.
The Ripley attraction group includes Ripley's Aquarium of the Smokies, which opened in 1997 and features special exhibits covering subjects such as Titanic, pirate and Mars, Ripley's Ghost Adventure, Odditorium, Mirror Maze, 5D Moving Theater, Guinness World Records, Golf Mini Mini Macdonald, and Mini Golf Davy Crockett.
Anakeesta is a theme park nearby named after the Anakeesta Formation that forms many mountains near Gatlinburg, including Chimney Peak, Bunion Charlie, and Mount Kephart. In Cherokee, its name means "place of balsam" and refers to the plateau. The park has zip lines, chairs and gondola rides to the top of Mount Anakeesta, and a mountain coaster. Inside the park, Firefly Village has shops and restaurants. Dollywood and Dollywood's Splash Country, both named Dolly Parton, are amusement parks located in nearby Pigeon Forge.
The Hollywood Star Cars Museum, which opened in 1996, features Mayberry car cars, Beverly Hillbillies street, DRAG-U-LA from The Munsters , two Batmobiles, Camaros from > Charlie's Angels , and Herbie the Love Bug. Many of the vehicles featured were designed by George Barris. The Salt and Pepper Shakers Museum houses over 20,000 shakers from around the world, and Cooter's Place is a free museum of Dukes of Hazzard with General Lee, indoor go-karts and indoor mini-golf.
Several musical and family oriented theaters are located in Gatlinburg, including Sweet Fanny Adams Theater for musical comedy. Christ in the Smokies uses 3D diorama with its original size figure, music, lighting, and special effects to tell the story of Christ.
Gatlinburg has a number crossing in downtown. The numbers hang from traffic lights or signs and are written on official tourist maps. (The same idea was tried in Niagara Falls, New York, after the mayor of Niagara Falls visited Gatlinburg and brought the idea back to Niagara Falls.The idea was short-lived in New York and canceled due to budget problems.)
During the Christmas season, the entire downtown area is adorned with lights for the Winter Celebration which runs from November to February. A Trolley Ride of Lights is available from early November to late January during celebrations, and free shuttle buses cross the city every half hour.
Due to the ease of getting marriage certificates in Tennessee, Gatlinburg is a popular destination for weddings and honeymooners, with over 20 wedding chapels in the city and surrounding areas.
Famous people
- Travis Meadows (1965-): A country music singer and songwriter who has written songs for stars like Eric Church, Wynona Judd and Dierks Bentley, Meadows began his writing career while living in Gatlinburg.
- John Reagan (1818-1905): Born in Gatlinburg, Reagan moved to Texas as an adult and became a career politician assigned to the House of Representatives, House of Representatives, US Senate, and as Principal and Minister of Finance for the Confederation State America.
References
External links
- Official website
- The Gatlinburg Department of Tourism
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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