Home automation or domotics is building automation for homes, called smart homes or smart homes . The home automation system will control lighting, climate, entertainment systems, and equipment. This may also include home security such as access control and alarm systems. When connected to the Internet, home devices are an important constituent of the Internet of Things.
Home automation systems typically connect devices that are controlled to a central hub or "gateway". The user interface for system control uses wall-mounted terminals, tablet or desktop computers, mobile apps, or Web interfaces, which can also be accessed off-site via the Internet.
While there are many competing vendors, there are very few accepted industry standards around the world and smart home spaces are highly fragmented. Manufacturers often prevent independent implementations by hiding documentation and by litigation.
The home automation market worth US $ 5.77 billion in 2013, is predicted to reach a market value of US $ 12.81 billion by 2020.
Video Home automation
Histori
The initial automation of the house starts with a labor-saving machine. Electric home appliances or electric-powered gas became feasible in 1900 with the introduction of electric power distribution and led to the introduction of washing machines (1904), water heaters (1889), refrigerators, sewing machines, dishwashers, and clothes dryers.
In 1975, the first general purpose home network automation technology, X10, was developed. This is a communication protocol for electronic devices. It primarily uses power transmission cables for signaling and control, where the signal involves bursts of radio frequency digital data, and remains the most widely available. In 1978, X10 products included 16 channel console commands, lamp modules, and tool modules. Immediately after that comes the first wall switch module and X10 timer.
In 2012, in the United States, according to ABI Research, 1.5 million home automation systems are installed.
According to Li et al. (2016) there are three generations of home automation:
- First generation: wireless technology with proxy server, e.g. Zigbee Automation;
- Second generation: artificial intelligence controls electrical devices, e.g. Amazon Echo;
- Third generation: robot buddy that interacts with humans, e.g. Robot Rovio, Roomba.
The word "domotics " (and " domotica " when used as a verb) is a contraction of the Latin word for a house ( domus ) and the word robotics .
Maps Home automation
Apps and technologies
- Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC): it is possible to have remote control of all home energy monitors through the internet that incorporate a simple and friendly user interface.
- The lighting control system
- Residential-Awareness Control Systems: It is possible to experience residential homes using smart meters and environmental sensors such as CO 2 sensors, which can be integrated into building automation systems to trigger an automatic response to energy efficiency and build comfort app.
- Equipment control and integration with smart grid and smart meter, taking advantage of, for example, high solar panel output at midday to run the washing machine.
- Robots and home security: Household security systems integrated with home automation systems can provide additional services such as remote surveillance of security cameras over the Internet, or central locking of all perimeter doors and windows.
- Leak detection, smoke and CO detector
- Indoor positioning system (IPS).
- House automation for the elderly and disabled
- Pet And Baby Care, for example, tracks the movement of pets and babies and controls pet rights
- Air quality control. For example Air Quality Egg is used by people at home to monitor air quality and pollution levels in the city and create pollution maps
Implementations
In the home automation tool review, Consumer Reports finds two major issues for consumers:
- Wi-Fi networks connected to the internet can be prone to hacking.
- Technology is still in its infancy, and consumers can invest in software systems. In 2014, Google bought a company selling Revolv Hub home automation systems, uniting it with Nest and in 2016 shutting down the server held by Revolv Hub, making hardware useless.
Microsoft Research found in 2011 that home automation can involve high cost of ownership, inflexibility of interconnected devices, and poor management.
Historically the system has been sold as a complete system in which consumers rely on one vendor for the entire system including hardware, communications protocols, central hubs, and user interfaces. However, there are now open source software systems that can be used with proprietary hardware.
Criticism and controversy
Home automation suffers from platform fragmentation and the lack of technical standards of situations where various home automation devices, both in terms of hardware variations and the differences in software running on it, make the task of developing applications that work consistently between inconsistent different technological ecosystems. Customers may be hesitant to risk their future IoT on proprietary software or hardware devices that use proprietary protocols that may fade or become difficult to adjust and interconnect.
The nature of home automation tools can also be a security issue, since patches for bugs found in core operating systems often do not reach older and lower device users. One set of researchers says that vendor failure to support older devices with patches and updates makes more than 87% of active devices vulnerable.
Gallery
See also
- House automation for the elderly and disabled
- Home network
- Home robot
- Indoor positioning
- Internet of Things
- List of home automation software and hardware
- List of home automation topics
- List of network buses
- Mobile and Mobile robot manipulators
- Smart devices and smart speakers
- Web of Things
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments